{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:58:53Z","timestamp":1791809933643,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-099773-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099773-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGR2017-648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR2017-648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MDM-2017-0729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MDM-2017-0729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en red de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (Ciberned)","award":["CMED2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMED2018-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19-00144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19-00144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR19\/52160007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR19\/52160007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reelin is an extracellular glycoprotein that modulates neuronal function and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Decreased levels of Reelin activity have been postulated as a key factor during neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and in aging. Thus, changes in levels of full-length Reelin and Reelin fragments have been revealed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in post-mortem brains samples of AD patients with respect to non-AD patients. However, conflicting studies have reported decreased or unchanged levels of full-length Reelin in AD patients compared to control (nND) cases in post-mortem brains and CSF samples. In addition, a compelling analysis of Reelin levels in neurodegenerative diseases other than AD is missing. In this study, we analyzed brain levels of RELN mRNA and Reelin protein in post-mortem frontal cortex samples from different sporadic AD stages, Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia (PDD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), obtained from five different Biobanks. In addition, we measured Reelin protein levels in CSF samples of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, or sCJD diagnosis and a group of neurologically healthy cases. The results indicate an increase in RELN mRNA in the frontal cortex of advanced stages of AD and in sCJD(I) compared to controls. This was not observed in PDD and early AD stages. However, Reelin protein levels in frontal cortex samples were unchanged between nND and advanced AD stages and PDD. Nevertheless, they decreased in the CSF of patients with dementia in comparison to those not suffering with dementia and patients with MCI. With respect to sCJD, there was a tendency to increase in brain samples in comparison to nND and to decrease in the CSF with respect to nND. In conclusion, Reelin levels in CSF cannot be considered as a diagnostic biomarker for AD or PDD. However, we feel that the CSF Reelin changes observed between MCI, patients with dementia, and sCJD might be helpful in generating a biomarker signature in prodromal studies of unidentified dementia and sCJD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T10:37:38Z","timestamp":1589971058000},"page":"1252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Disease-Specific Changes in Reelin Protein and mRNA in Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Laia","family":"Lid\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Urrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franc","family":"Llorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Social M\u00fatua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Diez-Fairen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Social M\u00fatua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Social M\u00fatua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pau","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Social M\u00fatua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6722-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Zerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3819-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Alcolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques Sant Pau\u2014Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Lle\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques Sant Pau\u2014Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enric","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1982-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalina","family":"Gav\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-8754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidre","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Senior Consultant, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5214-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.06.001","article-title":"Role for Reelin in stabilizing cortical architecture","volume":"33","author":"Frotscher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5284-09.2010","article-title":"Reelin regulates postnatal neurogenesis and enhances spine hypertrophy and long-term potentiation","volume":"30","author":"Pujadas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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