{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:52:20Z","timestamp":1760237540087,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-R01 EY019587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-R01 EY019587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NINDS-R01NS070742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NINDS-R01NS070742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We illuminate a possible explanatory pathophysiologic mechanism for retinal cellular neuropathy by means of a novel diagnostic method using ophthalmoscopic imaging and a molecular imaging agent targeted to fast axonal transport. The retinal neuropathies are a group of diseases with damage to retinal neural elements. Retinopathies lead to blindness but are typically diagnosed late, when substantial neuronal loss and vision loss have already occurred. We devised a fluorescent imaging agent based on the non-toxic C fragment of tetanus toxin (TTc), which is taken up and transported in neurons using the highly conserved fast axonal transport mechanism. TTc serves as an imaging biomarker for normal axonal transport and demonstrates impairment of axonal transport early in the course of an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic retinopathy model in rats. Transport-related imaging findings were dramatically different between normal and retinopathic eyes prior to presumed neuronal cell death. This proof-of-concept study provides justification for future clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T11:42:02Z","timestamp":1590406922000},"page":"1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Axonal Transport as an In Vivo Biomarker for Retinal Neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lucia G.","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan C.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX  77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Pagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8647-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth T.","family":"Gammon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Piwnica-Worms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Schellingerhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX  77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, February 13). 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