{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:36:23Z","timestamp":1772840183150,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumor in adults with a median overall survival of 15 months. Tumor recurrence and poor prognosis are related to cancer stem cells (CSCs), which drive resistance to therapies. A common characteristic in GBM is CDKN2A gene loss, located close to the cluster of type I IFN genes at Ch9p21. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus with oncolytic and immunostimulatory properties that has been proposed for the treatment of GBM. We have analyzed the CDKN2A-IFN I gene cluster in 1018 glioma tumors and evaluated the NDV oncolytic effect in six GBM CSCs ex vivo and in a mouse model. Our results indicate that more than 50% of GBM patients have some IFN deletion. Moreover, GBM susceptibility to NDV is dependent on the loss of the type I IFN. Infection of GBM with an NDV-expressing influenza virus NS1 protein can overcome the resistance to oncolysis by NDV of type I-competent cells. These results highlight the potential of using NDV vectors in antitumor therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T03:32:21Z","timestamp":1591327941000},"page":"1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Oncolytic Activity in Human Glioma Tumors Is Dependent on CDKN2A-Type I IFN Gene Cluster Codeletion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Garc\u00eda-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Brain tumour laboratory, Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Palac\u00edn-Aliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrys Health, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Esteban-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-2599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Madurga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Rius-Rocabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Microbiology Section, Dpto. CC, Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefa","family":"Carri\u00f3n-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Brain tumour laboratory, Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-7811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Presa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent researcher, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9400-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cuadrado-Castano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2458-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estanislao","family":"Nistal-Villan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Microbiology Section, Dpto. 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