{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:06:30Z","timestamp":1792659990097,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY026942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY026942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4T32EY015387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4T32EY015387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY012576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY012576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ELKARTEK KK-2019\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK KK-2019\/00086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POS_2019_1_0027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POS_2019_1_0027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003451","name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GIU 2018\/50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIU 2018\/50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal neurons, particularly retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), are susceptible to the degenerative damage caused by different inherited conditions and environmental insults, leading to irreversible vision loss and, ultimately, blindness. Numerous strategies are being tested in different models of degeneration to restore vision and, in recent years, stem cell technologies have offered novel avenues to obtain donor cells for replacement therapies. To date, stem cell\u2013based transplantation in the retina has been attempted as treatment for photoreceptor degeneration, but the same tools could potentially be applied to other retinal cell types, including RGCs. However, RGC-like cells are not an abundant cell type in stem cell\u2013derived cultures and, often, these cells degenerate over time in vitro. To overcome this limitation, we have taken advantage of the neuroprotective properties of M\u00fcller glia (one of the main glial cell types in the retina) and we have examined whether M\u00fcller glia and the factors they secrete could promote RGC-like cell survival in organoid cultures. Accordingly, stem cell-derived RGC-like cells were co-cultured with adult M\u00fcller cells or M\u00fcller cell-conditioned media was added to the cultures. Remarkably, RGC-like cell survival was substantially enhanced in both culture conditions, and we also observed a significant increase in their neurite length. Interestingly, Atoh7, a transcription factor required for RGC development, was up-regulated in stem cell-derived organoids exposed to conditioned media, suggesting that M\u00fcller cells may also enhance the survival of retinal progenitors and\/or postmitotic precursor cells. In conclusion, M\u00fcller cells and the factors they release promote organoid-derived RGC-like cell survival, neuritogenesis, and possibly neuronal maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1595503561000},"page":"1759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of Adult M\u00fcller Cells and Their Conditioned Media on the Survival of Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xandra","family":"Pereiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Basque Country UPV\/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Miltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Vecino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Basque Country UPV\/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3280895aea","article-title":"Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. 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