{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:16:32Z","timestamp":1789175792925,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) MRC grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2018R1A5A2020732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A5A2020732"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease confined to the colon. Although the etiopathogenesis remains unknown, small bowel dysfunctions like histological and permeability alterations have been described in ulcerative colitis. We evaluated the molecular gene signature in the non-inflamed terminal ileum of 36 ulcerative colitis patients (7 active, with Mayo endoscopic subscore \u22652, and 29 inactive) as compared to 15 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Differential gene expression analysis with DESeq2 showed distinct expression patterns depending on disease activity and maximal disease extent. We found 84 dysregulated genes in patients with active extensive colitis and 20 in inactive extensive colitis, compared to controls. There was an overlap of 5 genes: REG1B, REG1A, MUC4, GRAMD2, and CASP10. In patients with left-sided colitis, ileal gene expression levels were similar to controls. Based on gene co-expression analysis, ileal changes in active ulcerative colitis patients were related to immune functions. The ileal changes in the inactive ulcerative colitis subjects converged into the maintenance of the intestinal barrier through increased mitochondrial function and dampened immune functions. In conclusion, we identified molecular changes in the non-inflamed ileum of ulcerative colitis that are dependent on colonic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1596080198000},"page":"1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular Changes in the Non-Inflamed Terminal Ileum of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Su","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike","family":"Vancamelbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism &amp; Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sare","family":"Verstockt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Wilms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3898-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bram","family":"Verstockt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism &amp; Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism &amp; Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-0716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism &amp; Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Vermeire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism &amp; Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Cleynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.09-77","article-title":"Peyer\u2019s Patches in the Terminal Ileum in Ulcerative Colitis: Magnifying Endoscopic Findings","volume":"46","author":"Ishii","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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