{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:30:36Z","timestamp":1791293436391,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review summarizes the latest findings in the literature of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (Tie-2) complex, and faricimab along with their involvement for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases in various clinical trials. In ischemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, Ang-2 is upregulated, deactivating Tie-2, resulting in vascular leakage, pericyte loss, and inflammation. Recombinant Angiopeotin-1 (Ang-1), Ang-2-blocking molecules, and inhibitors of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) decrease inflammation-associated vascular leakage, showing therapeutic effects in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ocular neovascular diseases. In addition, novel studies show that angiopoietin-like proteins may play an important role in cellular metabolism leading to retinal vascular diseases. Current therapeutic focus combines Ang-Tie targeted drugs with other anti-angiogenic or immune therapies. Clinical studies have identified faricimab, a novel bispecific antibody designed for intravitreal use, to simultaneously bind and neutralize Ang-2 and VEGF-A for treatment of diabetic eye disease. By targeting both Ang-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), faricimab displays an improved and sustained efficacy over longer treatment intervals, delivering superior vision outcomes for patients with diabetic macular edema and reducing the treatment burden for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Phase 2 results have produced promising outcomes with regard to efficacy and durability. Faricimab is currently being evaluated in global Phase 3 studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T09:04:16Z","timestamp":1597050256000},"page":"1869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Targeting Angiopoietin in Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Literature Review and Summary of Clinical Trials Involving Faricimab"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3569-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir A.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sierra Eye Associates, Reno, NV 89502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah A.","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayeb","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad M.","family":"Khanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"},{"name":"Sierra Eye Associates, Reno, NV 89502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2015.0181","article-title":"Diabetes 2030: Insights from Yesterday, Today, and Future Trends","volume":"20","author":"Rowley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Popul. Health Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.016","article-title":"The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XXIII: The twenty-five-year incidence of macular edema in persons with type 1 diabetes","volume":"116","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018813512360","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema","volume":"4","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.02.004","article-title":"Switching between ranibizumab and aflibercept for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Mantel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S177192","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of aflibercept and conbercept in diabetic macular edema","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"CD011346","article-title":"Aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Sarwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plaza-Ramos, P., Borque, E., and Garcia-Layana, A. (2019). Evaluation of ranibizumab and aflibercept for the treatment of diabetic macular edema in daily clinical practice. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223793"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200502000-00001","article-title":"The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular health and disease","volume":"25","author":"Adamis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.3.4.9459","article-title":"VEGF-B: A survival, or an angiogenic factor?","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04982-1","article-title":"Efficient activation of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C requires the C-terminal domain of VEGF-C and the N-terminal domain of CCBE1","volume":"7","author":"Jha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2006.4.143","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-D is increased in serum of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"4","author":"Seyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35036-9","article-title":"Relationship between aqueous humor cytokine level changes and retinal vascular changes after intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema","volume":"8","author":"Mastropasqua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Khanani, A.M. (2019, January 12\u201315). A Phase 1, Open Label, Dose Escalation study of THR-149 for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). Proceedings of the American Academy of Ophthalmology\u2019s (AAO) Annual Meeting, Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanani, A.M. (2020, January 8). A Phase 1 Study of THR 687: An Integrin Antagonist for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). Proceedings of the Angiogenesis, Exudation, and Degeneration 2020 Conference, Miami, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2021.100040"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Boyer, D. (2020, July 25). Switching to Combination OPT-302 With Aflibercept From Prior Anti- VEGF-A Monotherapy in Eyes With Persistent Diabetic Macula Edema (DME), the ASRS 2020, Virtual. Available online: https:\/\/www.asrs.org\/annual-meeting\/program-info."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1667333","article-title":"Tie-2\/Angiopoietin pathway modulation as a therapeutic strategy for retinal disease","volume":"28","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.19082\/5031","article-title":"Role of Angiopoietins and Tie-2 in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Khalaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. Physician"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81812-7","article-title":"Isolation of angiopoietin-1, a ligand for the TIE2 receptor, by secretion-trap expression cloning","volume":"87","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006550","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006650","article-title":"The complex role of angiopoietin-2 in the angiopoietin-tie signaling pathway","volume":"2","author":"Thurston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gahn, G.M., and Khanani, A.M. (2018). New Therapies of Neovascular AMD beyond Anti-VEGF Injections. Vision (Basel), 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/vision2010015"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.278","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of the angiopoietin-TIE pathway","volume":"16","author":"Saharinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1942","article-title":"Angiopoietin 2 induces pericyte apoptosis via alpha3beta1 integrin signaling in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"63","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000361","article-title":"Angiopoietins and Tie2 in vascular inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Parikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017010069","article-title":"The Angiopoietin-Tie2 Signaling Axis in Systemic Inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Parikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12726","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2: A multifaceted cytokine that functions in both angiogenesis and inflammation","volume":"1347","author":"Scholz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2014.11.024","article-title":"VE-cadherin in vascular development: A coordinator of cell signaling and tissue morphogenesis","volume":"112","author":"Lagendijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84923","article-title":"Tie1 controls angiopoietin function in vascular remodeling and inflammation","volume":"126","author":"Korhonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.55","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis","volume":"277","author":"Maisonpierre","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1189704","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 modulates endothelial cell function and gene expression via the transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1)","volume":"18","author":"Daly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84871","article-title":"Opposing actions of angiopoietin-2 on Tie2 signaling and FOXO1 activation","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000047855","article-title":"Pericytes: Cell biology and pathology","volume":"169","author":"Allt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"375","article-title":"Mechanism of retinal pericyte migration through Angiopoietin\/Tie-2 signaling pathway on diabetic rats","volume":"11","author":"Dewi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0816-5","article-title":"Targeting Tie2 for Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema","volume":"16","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2101","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.347","article-title":"Angiopoietin 2 induces astrocyte apoptosis via alphavbeta5-integrin signaling in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1551-3","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2-induced blood-brain barrier compromise and increased stroke size are rescued by VE-PTP-dependent restoration of Tie2 signaling","volume":"131","author":"Gurnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3784","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6386","article-title":"A potential role for angiopoietin 2 in the regulation of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"52","author":"Rangasamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., and Lo, A.C.Y. (2018). Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathophysiology and Treatments. Int J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061816"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00004","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like proteins: A comprehensive look","volume":"5","author":"Santulli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0337-x","article-title":"Increased ANGPTL3, 4 and ANGPTL8\/betatrophin expression levels in obesity and T2D","volume":"15","author":"Cherian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)03058-9","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like protein 3, a hepatic secretory factor, activates lipolysis in adipocytes","volume":"301","author":"Shimamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11630","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515374112","article-title":"Hepatic ANGPTL3 regulates adipose tissue energy homeostasis","volume":"112","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000034","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2014-000034","article-title":"Inflammation increases plasma angiopoietin-like protein 4 in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Tjeerdema","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800060","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800060","article-title":"Plasma ANGPTL-4 is Associated with Obesity and Glucose Tolerance: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings","volume":"62","author":"Folgueira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.151894","article-title":"Angptl4 upregulates cholesterol synthesis in liver via inhibition of LPL- and HL-dependent hepatic cholesterol uptake","volume":"27","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00169","article-title":"ANGPTL8: An Important Regulator in Metabolic Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18502","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18502","article-title":"A lipasin\/Angptl8 monoclonal antibody lowers mouse serum triglycerides involving increased postprandial activity of the cardiac lipoprotein lipase","volume":"5","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6578327","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6578327","article-title":"Effects of Angiopoietin-Like 3 on Triglyceride Regulation, Glucose Homeostasis, and Diabetes","volume":"2019","author":"Christopoulou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19751","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217552109","article-title":"Atypical angiopoietin-like protein that regulates ANGPTL3","volume":"109","author":"Quagliarini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalra, H., Drummen, G.P., and Mathivanan, S. (2016). Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Introducing the Next Small Big Thing. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020170"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.16014","article-title":"Significance of Extracellular Vesicles: Pathobiological Roles in Disease","volume":"41","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.04.007","article-title":"Platelet-derived microparticles induce angiogenesis and stimulate post-ischemic revascularization","volume":"67","author":"Brill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25689","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25689","article-title":"Activated Stat5 trafficking Via Endothelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Controls IL-3 Pro-angiogenic Paracrine Action","volume":"6","author":"Lombardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2298","article-title":"Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Reveals Modulation of Angiogenesis via Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling","volume":"34","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2014.0316","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Induce Proliferation and Migration of Normal and Chronic Wound Fibroblasts, and Enhance Angiogenesis In Vitro","volume":"24","author":"Shabbir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.04.015","article-title":"Functional analysis of miR-21-3p, miR-30b-5p and miR-150-5p shuttled by extracellular vesicles from diabetic subjects reveals their association with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"184","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.07.003","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and healthy subjects","volume":"176","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1188-4","article-title":"Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1210-x","article-title":"Surgical Innovations in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema and Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"19","author":"Berrocal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1636031","article-title":"Innovative therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"75","article-title":"New therapeutic targets in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"95","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.03.003","article-title":"Phase I Trial of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor\/Anti-angiopoietin 2 Bispecific Antibody RG7716 for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"1","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505889","article-title":"Targeting key angiogenic pathways with a bispecific CrossMAb optimized for neovascular eye diseases","volume":"8","author":"Regula","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foxton, R.H., Uhles, S., Gruner, S., Revelant, F., and Ullmer, C. (2019). Efficacy of simultaneous VEGF-A\/ANG-2 neutralization in suppressing spontaneous choroidal neovascularization. EMBO Mol. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201810204"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Khanani, A.M. (2018, January 26\u201327). Simultaneous inhibition of VEGF and Ang2 with faricimab in neovascular AMD: STAIRWAY phase 2 results. Proceedings of the Retina Subspecialty Day, American Academy of Ophthalmology Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.03.023","article-title":"Simultaneous Inhibition of Angiopoietin-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A with Faricimab in Diabetic Macular Edema: BOULEVARD Phase 2 Randomized Trial","volume":"126","author":"Sahni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Khanani, A.M. (2018, January 16\u201319). Anti-VEGF\/anti-angiopoietin-2 bispecific antibody RG7716 in diabetic macular edema: Results from the phase 2 BOULEVARD clinical trial. Proceedings of the World Ophthalmology Congress, Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanani, A.M., Patel, S.S., Ferrone, P.J., Osborne, A., Sahni, J., Grzeschik, S., Basu, K., Ehrlich, J.S., Haskova, Z., and Dugel, P.U. (2020). Efficacy of Every Four Monthly and Quarterly Dosing of Faricimab vs. Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The STAIRWAY Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2699"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Genentech (2020, August 05). Roche\/Genentech Initiate Two Large Phase 3 Studies in Wet AMD for Bispecific Molecule, Faricimab. Eyewire News: 2019. Available online: https:\/\/eyewire.news\/articles\/roche-genentech-initiate-two-large-phase-3-studies-in-wet-amd-for-bispecific-molecule-faricimab\/."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov (2020, August 05). A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab in Participants With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (TENAYA). ClincalTrials.gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03823287."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/9\/8\/1869\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:58:50Z","timestamp":1760176730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/9\/8\/1869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cells9081869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9081869","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]}}}