{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T23:49:09Z","timestamp":1773964149514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK1949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK1949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ITN Network ManiFold","award":["317371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["317371"]}]},{"name":"European Commission Horizon2020","award":["H2020 MSCA-ITN GA 675278 EDGE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 MSCA-ITN GA 675278 EDGE"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ongoing threat of viral infections and the emergence of antiviral drug resistance warrants a ceaseless search for new antiviral compounds. Broadly-inhibiting compounds that act on elements shared by many viruses are promising antiviral candidates. Here, we identify a peptide derived from the cowpox virus protein CPXV012 as a broad-spectrum antiviral peptide. We found that CPXV012 peptide hampers infection by a multitude of clinically and economically important enveloped viruses, including poxviruses, herpes simplex virus-1, hepatitis B virus, HIV-1, and Rift Valley fever virus. Infections with non-enveloped viruses such as Coxsackie B3 virus and adenovirus are not affected. The results furthermore suggest that viral particles are neutralized by direct interactions with CPXV012 peptide and that this cationic peptide may specifically bind to and disrupt membranes composed of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine, an important component of many viral membranes. The combined results strongly suggest that CPXV012 peptide inhibits virus infections by direct interactions with phosphatidylserine in the viral envelope. These results reiterate the potential of cationic peptides as broadly-acting virus inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1598767582000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Peptide Blocks Infection of Viruses by Binding to Phosphatidylserine in the Viral Envelope"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rutger D.","family":"Luteijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrique","family":"Praest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University and Helmholtzzentrum Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saravanan Manikam","family":"Sadasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Singethan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University and Helmholtzzentrum Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Drijfhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University and Helmholtzzentrum Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen Matthijn","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1981-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Lebbink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Helfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University and Helmholtzzentrum Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina C.","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, TU Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Protzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University and Helmholtzzentrum Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Antoinette","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6080-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel J. H. J.","family":"Wiertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253ps10","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009872","article-title":"Emerging viral diseases: Confronting threats with new technologies","volume":"6","author":"Marston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00517","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral agents","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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