{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:21:19Z","timestamp":1790396479384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical activity has systemic effects on the body, affecting almost every organ. It is important not only for general health and wellbeing, but also in the prevention of diseases. The mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of physical activity are not completely understood; however, studies indicate these benefits are not confined to simply managing energy balance and body weight. They also include systemic factors which are released into the circulation during exercise and which appear to underlie the myriad of benefits exercise can elicit. It was shown that along with a number of classical cytokines, active tissues also engage in inter-tissue communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes and other small EVs, which are able to deliver biomolecules to cells and alter their metabolism. Thus, EVs may play a role in the acute and systemic adaptations that take place during and after physical activity, and may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of a range of diseases, including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity; and the focus of this review, neurological disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1601280178000},"page":"2182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The Protective Effect of Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Oliver K","family":"Fuller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Whitham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Mathivanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Febbraio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1178856","article-title":"Exercise capacity and mortality\u2013a follow-up study of 3033 subjects referred to clinical exercise testing","volume":"48","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. 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