{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:29:15Z","timestamp":1775636955654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Technology Research and Development Project, Ministry for Health and Welfare Affair","award":["HR16C0002, HI16C0106, HI20C0579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR16C0002, HI16C0106, HI20C0579"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rates of pseudarthrosis remain high despite recent advances in bone graft substitutes for spinal fusion surgery. The aim of this single center, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial was to determine the feasibility of combined use of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2-TCP) for patients who require posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and pedicle screw fixation. Two polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages were inserted into the intervertebral space following complete removal of the intervertebral disc. The PEEK cage (SVF group) on the right side of the patient was filled with \u03b2-TCP in combination with SVF, and the cage on the left side (control group) was filled with \u03b2-TCP alone. Fusion rate and cage subsidence were assessed by lumbar spine X-ray and CT at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. At the 6-month follow-up, 54.5% of the SVF group (right-sided cages) and 18.2% of the control group (left-sided cages) had radiologic evidence of bone fusion (p = 0.151). The 12-month fusion rate of the right-sided cages was 100%, while that of the left-sided cages was 91.6% (p = 0.755). Cage subsidence was not observed. Perioperative combined use of SVF with \u03b2-TCP is feasible and safe in patients who require spinal fusion surgery, and it has the potential to increase the early bone fusion rate following spinal fusion surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T08:52:41Z","timestamp":1602147161000},"page":"2250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Safety and Tolerability of Stromal Vascular Fraction Combined with \u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Phase I Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung-Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9331-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Un Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1298-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Heon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seil","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Hun","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9003-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan Yeong","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0834-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inbo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3890-5","article-title":"Comparison of MIS vs. open PLIF\/TLIF with regard to clinical improvement, fusion rate, and incidence of major complication: A meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Qu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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