{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:20:32Z","timestamp":1760239232468,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302449\/2018-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302449\/2018-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88881.190036\/2018-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.190036\/2018-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Boidae family is an ancient group of snakes widely distributed across the Neotropical region, where several biogeographic events contributed towards shaping their evolution and diversification. Most species of this family have a diploid number composed of 2n = 36; however, among Booidea families, the Boidae stands out by presenting the greatest chromosomal diversity, with 2n ranging between 36 and 44 chromosomes and an undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system. Here, we applied a comparative chromosome analysis using cross-species chromosome paintings in five species representing four Boidae genera, to decipher the evolutionary dynamics of some chromosomes in these Neotropical snakes. Our study included all diploid numbers (2n = 36, 40, and 44) known for this family and our comparative chromosomal mappings point to a strong evolutionary relationship among the genera Boa, Corallus, Eunectes, and Epicrates. The results also allowed us to propose the cytogenomic diversification that had occurred in this family: a process mediated by centric fissions, including fission events of the putative and undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system in the 2n = 44 karyotype, which is critical in solving the puzzle of the karyotype evolution of boid snakes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T21:42:21Z","timestamp":1602798141000},"page":"2268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Revisiting the Karyotype Evolution of Neotropical Boid Snakes: A Puzzle Mediated by Chromosomal Fissions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8172-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik F.","family":"Viana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia, Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Biodiversidade, Av. Andr\u00e9 Ara\u00fajo 2936, Petr\u00f3polis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4763-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Ezaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 12 2616, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo de Bello","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Liehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Rikabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Tavares-Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Laborat\u00f3rio de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Ant\u00f4nio Carlos","family":"Bertollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Feldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia, Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Biodiversidade, Av. Andr\u00e9 Ara\u00fajo 2936, Petr\u00f3polis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-13-93","article-title":"A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes","volume":"13","author":"Pyron","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsiang, A.Y., Field, D.J., Webster, T.H., Behlke, A.D.B., Davis, M.B., Racicot, R.A., and Gauthier, J. (2015). The origin of snakes: Revealing the ecology, behavior, and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics, phenomics, and the fossil record. BMC Evol. 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