{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:40:15Z","timestamp":1792701615822,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As heart failure (HF) is a devastating health problem worldwide, a better understanding and the development of more effective therapeutic approaches are required. HF is characterized by sympathetic system activation which stimulates \u03b1- and \u03b2-adrenoceptors (ARs). The exposure of the cardiovascular system to the increased locally released and circulating levels of catecholamines leads to a well-described downregulation and desensitization of \u03b2-ARs. However, information on the role of \u03b1-AR is limited. We have performed a systematic literature review examining the role of both cardiac and vascular \u03b11-ARs in HF using 5 databases for our search. All three \u03b11-AR subtypes (\u03b11A, \u03b11B and \u03b11D) are expressed in human and animal hearts and blood vessels in a tissue-dependent manner. We summarize the changes observed in HF regarding the density, signaling and responses of \u03b11-ARs. Conflicting findings arise from different studies concerning the influence that HF has on \u03b11-AR expression and function; in contrast to \u03b2-ARs there is no consistent evidence for down-regulation or desensitization of cardiac or vascular \u03b11-ARs. Whether \u03b11-ARs are a therapeutic target in HF remains a matter of debate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:37Z","timestamp":1604534437000},"page":"2412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cardiac and Vascular \u03b11-Adrenoceptors in Congestive Heart Failure: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3177-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Kayk\u0131-Mutlu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Papazisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meindert","family":"Palmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5052-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. H. Jan","family":"Danser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4161-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin C.","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Arioglu-Inan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in the human heart","volume":"51","author":"Brodde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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