{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:29:04Z","timestamp":1792225744809,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":334,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR070200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR070200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating multifactorial syndrome, involving progressive deterioration and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. It affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and causes premature death. No causal therapy is available against CC. In the last few decades, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to muscle wasting during cancer has markedly increased. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways mostly culminating with muscle depletion. Several preclinical studies have emphasized the beneficial roles of several classes of nutraceuticals and modes of physical exercise, but their efficacy in CC patients remains scant. The route of nutraceutical administration is critical to increase its bioavailability and achieve the desired anti-cachexia effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that a single therapy may not be enough, and a bimodal intervention (nutraceuticals plus exercise) may be a more effective treatment for CC. This review focuses on the current state of the field on the role of inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy during CC, and how nutraceuticals and physical activity may act synergistically to limit muscle wasting and dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T09:06:28Z","timestamp":1606208788000},"page":"2536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Nutraceuticals and Exercise against Muscle Wasting during Cancer Cachexia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Aquila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea David","family":"Re Cecconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3503-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Brault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology &amp; Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5282-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Corli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2008","article-title":"Mechanisms of cancer cachexia","volume":"89","author":"Tisdale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. 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