{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:35:34Z","timestamp":1791920134108,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH Grant","award":["R01AG054156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG054156"]}]},{"name":"NIH Grant","award":["R01NS109537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS109537"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016M3C7A1904233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016M3C7A1904233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018M3C7A1056894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018M3C7A1056894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science &amp; Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. CRC-15-04-KIST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. CRC-15-04-KIST"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["2E30320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2E30320"]}]},{"name":"Korea Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["2E30762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2E30762"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease and a neurodegenerative disorder, affecting the upper and\/or lower motor neurons. Notably, it invariably leads to death within a few years of onset. Although most ALS cases are sporadic, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) forms 10% of the cases. In 1993, the first causative gene (SOD1) of fALS was identified. With rapid advances in genetics, over fifty potentially causative or disease-modifying genes have been found in ALS so far. Accordingly, routine diagnostic tests should encompass the oldest and most frequently mutated ALS genes as well as several new important genetic variants in ALS. Herein, we discuss current literatures on the four newly identified ALS-associated genes (CYLD, S1R, GLT8D1, and KIF5A) and the previously well-known ALS genes including SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9orf72. Moreover, we review the pathogenic implications and disease mechanisms of these genes. Elucidation of the cellular and molecular functions of the mutated genes will bring substantial insights for the development of therapeutic approaches to treat ALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T09:12:57Z","timestamp":1608023577000},"page":"2687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Pathogenic Genome Signatures That Damage Motor Neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Yousefian-Jazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YunHee","family":"Seol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6544-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442207","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"344","author":"Rowland","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. 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