{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:10:56Z","timestamp":1785190256926,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"P.G."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Horner\u2019s syndrome (HS) classically consists of the symptom triad of miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis. It is caused by impairment of a certain pathway in the sympathetic nervous system. It may also appear as part of the clinical signs of other diseases and syndromes, including Pancoast tumors, intradural and\/or epidural tumors, thoracic outlet syndrome, syringomyelia, brachial plexus injury, and aortic dissection. Here, we report a very rare complication of vertebral column resection in children, and we present the clinical findings of a case of Horner\u2019s syndrome with a current literature review. Case presentation: A five-year-old child with severe congenital kyphoscoliosis qualified for surgical treatment of the spinal deformity via a posterior approach, with three-column osteotomy and fusion. Results: After successful surgery, the patient presented with HS due to distraction of the sympathetic nerve trunk and, thus, innervation to the left eye. At the 4-year follow-up, the child had fully recovered. Conclusions: Pediatric HS after posterior instrumented scoliosis correction surgery with posterior vertebral column resection of the thoracic spine is very rare. This is the first reported case of HS after posterior vertebral column resection and spinal fusion for congenital kyphoscoliosis without the use of epidural analgesia. Symptom resolution may be variable and, in some cases, delayed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10010156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T02:05:52Z","timestamp":1673575552000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Rare Complication of Thoracic Spine Surgery: Pediatric Horner\u2019s Syndrome after Posterior Vertebral Column Resection\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-2935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Grabala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Paley European Institute, Al. Rzeczypospolitej 1, 02-972 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Danowska-Idziok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilkka J.","family":"Helenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00260 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.1.121","article-title":"Horner\u2019s Syndrome Secondary to Epidural Anaesthesia Following Posterior Instrumented Scoliosis Correction","volume":"9","author":"Cowie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200108000-00034","article-title":"Traumatic and iatrogenic Horner syndrome: Case reports and review of the literature","volume":"51","author":"Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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