{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:58:45Z","timestamp":1789063125171,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) It might be implied that those with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) with fewer sentinel facial features have a \u201cmilder\u201d neuropsychological presentation, or present with fewer impairments than those with more sentinel facial features. The aim of this service evaluation was to compare the neuropsychological profile of people with FASD with varying numbers of sentinel facial features. (2) A clinical sample of 150 individuals with FASD, aged between 6 and 37 years, completed various standardised assessments as part of their diagnostic profiling. These included the documented level of risk of prenatal alcohol exposure (4-Digit Diagnostic Code), sensory needs (Short Sensory Profile), cognition (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u20144th Edition; WISC-IV), and communication and socialisation adaptive behaviours (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale\u20142nd Edition; VABS-II). As FASD has high comorbidity rates of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), these were also reviewed. The profiles of the \u2018FASD with 2 or 3 sentinel facial features\u2019 group (n = 41; 28 male, 13 female) were compared with the \u2018FASD with 0 or 1 sentinel facial features\u2019 group (n = 109; 50 male, 59 female) using Chi\u00b2 tests, independent sample t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U analyses (where appropriate). (3) There were no significant differences between the two comparison groups across any measure included in this service evaluation. (4) Whilst sentinel facial features remain an important aspect in recognising FASD, our service evaluation indicates that there is no significant relationship between the number of sentinel facial features and the neuropsychological profile of people with FASD in terms of severity of presentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T02:27:56Z","timestamp":1675132076000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the Difference in Neuropsychological Profiles of Individuals with FASD Based on the Number of Sentinel Facial Features: A Service Evaluation of the FASD UK National Clinic Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bethany M.","family":"Webster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Specialist Clinic, Gatton Place, St Matthews Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C. S.","family":"Carlisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Specialist Clinic, Gatton Place, St Matthews Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C.","family":"Livesey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Specialist Clinic, Gatton Place, St Matthews Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy R.","family":"Deeprose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Specialist Clinic, Gatton Place, St Matthews Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penny A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Specialist Clinic, Gatton Place, St Matthews Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1TA, UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja A. S.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Specialist Clinic, Gatton Place, St Matthews Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1TA, UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Harding, K., Flannigan, K., and McFarlane, A. (2022, November 22). Policy Action Paper: Toward a Standard Definition of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Canada Background; CANFASD: Canada 2019. 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