{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:37:39Z","timestamp":1781642259730,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed at presenting a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the pediatric jaw lesions treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, over a timeframe of ten years (2012 to 2022). The clinical and radiological characteristics of the jawbone lesions, the treatment outcome, and the recurrence incidence were described. All consecutive patients aged below 18 years, with histologically diagnosed odontogenic tumors (OTs), nonodontogenic tumors (non-OTs), or odontogenic cysts (OCs) were included. Age, dentition type, clinical symptoms, preoperative and postoperative radiological tests, histological diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up information one year following the diagnoses were all examined. Eighty-two cases were included. The ratio of men to women was 1.15:1, with the mandible predominating by 64.4%. Inflammatory radicular cysts predominated in 31.7% of cases. A total of 42.68% of the patients were asymptomatic. Enucleation was the most frequent surgical technique (45.1%), followed by cystectomies (28%) and marsupialization (14.6%). The overall recurrence rate was 7.3%; the most recurrent histopathological lesion was the odontogenic keratocyst. This study sheds new light on the clinical and radiological characteristics, treatment outcomes, and recurrence rate of juvenile jawbone lesions in children and adolescents. The diagnosis and treatment of jawbone lesions in children and adolescents can be enhanced with the use of epidemiological, clinical, and imagistic information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T02:33:27Z","timestamp":1675996407000},"page":"335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Benign Pediatric Jawbone Lesions: A 10-Year Clinical and Radiological Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Emil","family":"Crasnean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Hede\u0219iu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1387-0921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Dinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"B\u0103ciu\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"V\u0103c\u0103ra\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Mitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-4935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Alm\u0103\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad-I.","family":"Nechita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Armencea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simion","family":"Bran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1076-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Oni\u0219or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1798-y","article-title":"Non-Odontogenic Tumors of the Facial Bones in Children and Adolescents: Role of Multiparametric Imaging","volume":"59","author":"Becker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.1423","article-title":"Cystic Lesions of the Jaw in Children: A 15-Year Experience","volume":"141","author":"Tkaczuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.2895","article-title":"Tumors of the Pediatric Maxillofacial Skeleton: A 20-Year Clinical Study","volume":"141","author":"Perry","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.09.012","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Primary Jaw Lesions at Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"79","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.08.005","article-title":"Benign Jaw Lesions","volume":"60","author":"Gohel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710357","article-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors and Imaging Approach of Jaw Lesions","volume":"24","author":"Siozopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16587","article-title":"Focal Benign Disorders of the Pediatric Mandible With Radiologic-Histopathologic Correlation: Mandibular Development and Lucent Lesions","volume":"208","author":"Plunk","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2014.09.008","article-title":"Pediatric Maxillary and Mandibular Tumors","volume":"48","author":"Trosman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"210","article-title":"A Pattern-Based Imaging Approach to Pediatric Jaw Lesions","volume":"31","author":"Sahu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Radiol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.013","article-title":"Comparison of Adult and Child Radiation Equivalent Doses from 2 Dental Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Units","volume":"143","author":"Colosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0052","article-title":"Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Periapical Radiopaque\/Hyperdense Jaw Lesions","volume":"31","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-021-01404-7","article-title":"Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Odontogenic and Maxillofacial Bone Tumours","volume":"16","author":"Vered","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2012.09.008","article-title":"Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"57","author":"Kutcipal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e265","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008085","article-title":"Pediatric Aggressive Benign Mandibular Tumors: Clinical Features and Management","volume":"33","author":"Koraitim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.01.031","article-title":"Benign Pediatric Jaw Lesions at Massachusetts General Hospital Over 13 Years","volume":"78","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-020-01284-3","article-title":"Odontogenic and Developmental Oral Lesions in Pediatric Patients","volume":"15","author":"Bilodeau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2022.03.005","article-title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Benign Paediatric Jaw Lesions According to New World Health Organization Classification","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"e761","article-title":"Odontogenic Tumours in Nigeria: A Multicentre Study of 582 Cases and Review of the Literature","volume":"23","author":"Aregbesola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"208","article-title":"A Review of Pediatric Oral Biopsies from a Surgical Pathology Service in a Dental School","volume":"15","author":"Das","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"e49","article-title":"Epidemiologic Study of Odontogenic and Non-Odontogenic Cysts in Children and Adolescents of a Brazilian Population","volume":"23","author":"Gonzaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(94)90299-2","article-title":"Relative Incidence of Odontogenic Tumors and Oral and Jaw Cysts in a Canadian Population","volume":"77","author":"Daley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008201","article-title":"Pediatric Odontogenic and Maxillofacial Bone Pathology: A Global Analysis","volume":"33","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"246","article-title":"Residual Cyst Associated with Calcifications in an Elderly Patient","volume":"8","author":"Sridevi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2019.08.002","article-title":"Odontogenic Cysts","volume":"64","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"216","article-title":"Intra-Osseous Jaw Lesions in Paediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study","volume":"8","author":"Urs","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01011-7","article-title":"Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 5294 Jaw Cysts: A Retrospective Study of 38 Years","volume":"13","author":"Tamiolakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572008000600008","article-title":"A Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopsies in Children: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 20 Years in Pelotas-Brazil","volume":"16","author":"Lima","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"246","article-title":"A Retrospective Study of Oral Cysts in Nigerian Children","volume":"14","author":"Salako","year":"1995","journal-title":"West Afr. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"14","article-title":"Retrospective Review of Pediatric Oral Lesions from a Dental School Biopsy Service","volume":"31","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e248","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000548","article-title":"Odontogenic Lesions in Pediatric Patients","volume":"25","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12174","article-title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology in an Australian Paediatric Population","volume":"59","author":"Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.913192","article-title":"Prevalence of Developmental Odontogenic Cysts in Children and Adolescents with Emphasis on Dentigerous Cyst and Odontogenic Keratocyst (Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor)","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.04.006","article-title":"Cystic Lesions of the Jaws: A Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study of 2030 Cases","volume":"124","author":"Mascitti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"e511","article-title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology in a Pediatric Population from Rio de Janeiro-Brazil over a 75-Year Period","volume":"23","author":"Agostini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.08.026","article-title":"Epidemiological Survey of Oral Lesions in Children and Adolescents in a Brazilian Population","volume":"79","author":"Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.09.027","article-title":"Distribution of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions in Pediatric Patients from a Brazilian Southeastern Population","volume":"90","author":"Fonseca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.05.010","article-title":"Odontogenic Lesions in a Pediatric Population: Review of the Literature and Presentation of 745 Cases","volume":"86","author":"Tuna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"773","article-title":"Frequency of Different Oral Lesions in Children and Adolescents in Babol, Northern Iran","volume":"4","author":"Siadati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Casp. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_328_18","article-title":"Incidence and Distribution of Jaw Pathologies among 0\u201315 Years Age Group at a Tertiary Rural Health-Care Center of Maharashtra: A Retrospective Study of 10 Years","volume":"11","author":"Tandon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e394","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006388","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Head and Neck Pathological Spectrum in a Pediatric Population","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000497059","article-title":"Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Children: Clinical Effectiveness and Cancer Risk Due to Radiation Exposure","volume":"96","author":"Saccucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.11.028","article-title":"Effective Dose Range for Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scanners","volume":"81","author":"Pauwels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alm\u0103\u0219an, O., Leucu\u021ba, D.-C., and Buduru, S. (2022). Disc Displacement of the Temporomandibular Joint and Facial Asymmetry in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Children, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9091297"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2022-0209","article-title":"The Usefulness of Cone Beam Computed Tomography according to Age in Cleft Lip and Palate","volume":"15","author":"Dinu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90148-2","article-title":"Treatment of Mandibular Odontogenic Keratocysts","volume":"86","author":"Bataineh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.48.59","article-title":"Odontogenic Cysts: A Clinical Study of 695 Cases","volume":"48","author":"Meningaud","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000200025","article-title":"Surgical Management of Dentigerous Cyst and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor in Children: A Conservative Approach and 7-Year Follow-Up","volume":"20","author":"Deboni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2020.1797160","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Clinical and Radiographic Features of Hybrid Central Giant Cell Granuloma Lesions of the Jaws","volume":"79","author":"Alsufyani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/2\/335\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:28:38Z","timestamp":1760120918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/2\/335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["children10020335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10020335","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]}}}