{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:15:45Z","timestamp":1778055345475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infant-directed speech (IDS) is an essential factor of mother\u2013infant interaction and facilitates early language processing and word learning during dyadic interactions. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate emotional and prosodic components of IDS in the first year of life by analyzing children\u2019s responses to the different prosodic trends that mothers use during the observation of mother\u2013child interactions. Seventeen mothers and infants were recruited for this study during their first hospitalization. The study involved observing communication changes in face-to-face interactions between the mother and child at three, six, and nine months after the child\u2019s birth. We analyzed the relationship between gaze direction, smiling, speech speed, and clarity. The results showed that the IDS differs in production when compared to the age of the child; at only nine months, there is high intensity. The same is evident from the results related to the elocution velocity. The verbal sensitivity of the mother and the ability to tune in to the affective states of the child, especially at nine months, can predict the child\u2019s understanding of future language.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10030413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T02:57:38Z","timestamp":1677034658000},"page":"413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Preliminary Longitudinal Study on Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) Components in the First Year of Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Flaviana","family":"Tenuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7871-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Marcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3454-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"},{"name":"Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Costabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Neonatal Imitation","volume":"Volume 16","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1037\/a0040085","article-title":"A Systems View of Mother\u2013Infant Face-to-Face Communication","volume":"52","author":"Beebe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. 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