{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:10:05Z","timestamp":1770833405144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/19\/B\/ST4\/02725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/19\/B\/ST4\/02725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST 01\/300\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST 01\/300\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","award":["2015\/19\/B\/ST4\/02725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/19\/B\/ST4\/02725"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","award":["ST 01\/300\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST 01\/300\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preterm birth may result from overlapping causes including maternal age, health, previous obstetric history and a variety of social factors. We aimed to identify factors contributing to preterm birth in respect to new social and environmental changes in the reproductive patterns. Our cross-sectional study included 495 mother\u2013infant pairs and was based on maternal self-reporting in an originally developed questionnaire. Neonates were divided into two groups: 72 premature babies (study group) and 423 full-term babies (control group). We analyzed maternal, sociodemographic and economic characteristics, habits, chronic diseases, previous obstetric history and pregnancy complications. For statistical analysis, Pearson\u2019s Chi-squared independence test was used with a statistical significance level of 0.05. Preterm births were more common among mothers living in villages (p &lt; 0.001) and with lower education level (p = 0.01). Premature births were also positively associated with mothers who were running their own businesses (p = 0.031). Mothers with a history of previous miscarriages gave birth at a significantly older age (p &lt; 0.001). The most frequent pregnancy complications were hypothyroidism (41.4%), pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (DM; 17.8%) and hypertension (8.1%). Pregestational DM significantly influenced the occurrence of prematurity (p &lt; 0.05). Pregestational DM, being professionally active, a lower education level and living outside cities are important risk factors of prematurity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10030447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:23:36Z","timestamp":1677468216000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Contributors to Preterm Birth: Data from a Single Polish Perinatal Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Ja\u0144czewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Cicho\u0144-Kotek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119binki 7 Street, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4378-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Gli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5726-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Deptulska-Hurko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Basi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Quality of Life Research, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Tuwima 15 Street, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3879-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119bowa 23 Street, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Wiergowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119bowa 23 Street, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6185-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Biziuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11\/12 Street, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8565-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Szablewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119binki 7 Street, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6476-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Cicho\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0290-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Wierzba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119binki 7 Street, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(1977). 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Gynaecol."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/3\/447\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:42:20Z","timestamp":1760121740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/3\/447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["children10030447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10030447","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]}}}