{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:01Z","timestamp":1791489661832,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A bowel management program (BMP) to treat fecal incontinence and severe constipation is utilized for patients with anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung disease, spinal anomalies, and functional constipation, decreasing the rate of emergency department visits, and hospital admissions. This review is part of a manuscript series and focuses on updates in the use of antegrade flushes for bowel management, as well as organizational aspects, collaborative approach, telemedicine, the importance of family education, and one-year outcomes of the bowel management program. Implementation of a multidisciplinary program involving physicians, nurses, advanced practice providers, coordinators, psychologists, and social workers leads to rapid center growth and enhances surgical referrals. Education of the families is crucial for postoperative outcomes, prevention, and early detection of complications, especially Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. Telemedicine can be proposed to patients with a defined anatomy and is associated with high parent satisfaction and decreased patient stress in comparison to in-person visits. The BMP has proved to be effective in all groups of colorectal patients at a 1- and 2-year follow-up with social continence achieved in 70\u201372% and 78% of patients, respectively, and an improvement in the patients\u2019 quality of life. A transitional care to adult program is essential to maintain the same quality of care, and continuity of care and to achieve desired long-term outcomes as the patient reaches adult age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T06:15:15Z","timestamp":1679984115000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pediatric Bowel Management Options and Organizational Aspects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Bokova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Jo","family":"Svetanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Department of Surgery, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc Aaron","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8689-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Maria","family":"Rentea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Department of Surgery, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.006","article-title":"Effectiveness of an Organized Bowel Management Program in the Management of Severe Chronic Constipation in Children","volume":"50","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.04.025","article-title":"Prospective Quality of Life Outcomes in Pediatric Fecal Incontinence Following Bowel Management","volume":"56","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.04.029","article-title":"One-Year Impact of a Bowel Management Program in Treating Fecal Incontinence in Patients with Anorectal Malformations","volume":"56","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2020.150985","article-title":"Creating a Collaborative Program for the Care of Children with Colorectal and Pelvic Problems","volume":"29","author":"Choueiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.047","article-title":"Treatment of Fecal Incontinence with a Comprehensive Bowel Management Program","volume":"44","author":"Bischoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2502-z","article-title":"Bowel Management for the Treatment of Pediatric Fecal Incontinence","volume":"25","author":"Bischoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002348","article-title":"Development of a Patient-Reported Experience and Outcome Measures in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Bowel Management for Constipation and Fecal Incontinence","volume":"69","author":"Halleran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of Constipation in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Mugie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2018.04.004","article-title":"Constipation-Related Emergency Department Use, and Associated Office Visits and Payments Among Commercially Insured Children","volume":"18","author":"MacGeorge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000345","article-title":"Surgical Options for the Management of Severe Functional Constipation in Children","volume":"28","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000899","article-title":"Lack of Agreement on How to Use Antegrade Enemas in Children","volume":"62","author":"Mousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04593.x","article-title":"The Antegrade Continence Enema Procedure","volume":"93","author":"Malone","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.03.059","article-title":"Neoappendicostomy in the Management of Pediatric Fecal Incontinence","volume":"46","author":"Chatoorgoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90490-X","article-title":"Percutaneous Cecostomy: A New Technique in the Management of Fecal Incontinence","volume":"31","author":"Shandling","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.074","article-title":"Surgical Management of Functional Constipation: An Intermediate Report of a New Approach Using a Laparoscopic Sigmoid Resection Combined with Malone Appendicostomy","volume":"53","author":"Gasior","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.01.011","article-title":"Tube Cecostomy versus Appendicostomy for Antegrade Enemas in the Management of Fecal Incontinence in Children: A Systematic Review","volume":"55","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.010","article-title":"Malone Appendicostomy versus Cecostomy Tube Insertion for Children with Intractable Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.008","article-title":"A Comparison of Malone Appendicostomy and Cecostomy for Antegrade Access as Adjuncts to a Bowel Management Program for Patients with Functional Constipation or Fecal Incontinence","volume":"54","author":"Halleran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001280","article-title":"Associated Factors for Antegrade Continence Enemas for Refractory Constipation and Fecal Incontinence","volume":"63","author":"Petty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.051","article-title":"Correlation of Anorectal Malformation Complexity and Associated Urologic Abnormalities","volume":"56","author":"Fuchs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.01.003","article-title":"Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction: Will My Child Ever Be out of Diapers?","volume":"6","author":"Johnston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.08.001","article-title":"Split-Appendix Technique for Simultaneous Appendicovesicostomy and Appendicocecostomy","volume":"46","author":"VanderBrink","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2020.150998","article-title":"Adjuncts to Bowel Management for Fecal Incontinence and Constipation, the Role of Surgery; Appendicostomy, Cecostomy, Neoappendicostomy, and Colonic Resection","volume":"29","author":"Halleran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.06.002","article-title":"Split Appendix Mitrofanoffs Have Higher Risk of Complication than Intact Appendix or Monti Channels","volume":"17","author":"Zann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.03.053","article-title":"Use of Expedited Post-Operative Protocol for Children Undergoing Appendicostomy Reduces Length of Hospitalization","volume":"57","author":"Short","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.016","article-title":"Single Institution Review of Mini-ACE\u00ae Low-Profile Appendicostomy Button for Antegrade Continence Enema Administration","volume":"57","author":"Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.022","article-title":"Contemporary Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Unremitting Constipation and Fecal Incontinence Treated with an Antegrade Continence Enema","volume":"52","author":"Dolejs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-016-3857-6","article-title":"5 Years after an ACE: What Happens Then?","volume":"32","author":"Chong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.055","article-title":"Comparing Quality of Life Improvement after Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE) Therapy for Patients with Organic and Functional Constipation\/Encopresis","volume":"57","author":"Brophy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-018-1782-5","article-title":"The Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium (PCPLC): Rationale, Infrastructure, and Initial Steps","volume":"22","author":"Reeder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2018.00068","article-title":"Impact on Patient Care of a Multidisciplinary Center Specializing in Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction","volume":"5","author":"Reck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.04.019","article-title":"A Descriptive Model for a Multidisciplinary Unit for Colorectal and Pelvic Malformations","volume":"54","author":"Halleran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.05.002","article-title":"Development of a Multidisciplinary Colorectal and Pelvic Health Program: Program Implementation and Clinical Impact","volume":"55","author":"Style","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.04.023","article-title":"Multi-Institutional Review of Bowel Management Strategies in Children with Anorectal Malformations","volume":"55","author":"Baxter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00363.x","article-title":"Patient Adherence to Treatment: Three Decades of Research. A Comprehensive Review","volume":"26","author":"Vermeire","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.053","article-title":"Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Comparison between a Charity Hospital in Honduras and a Tertiary Care Center in the United States","volume":"53","author":"Dingemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716876","article-title":"Comparison of Hirschsprung Disease Characteristics between Those with a History of Postoperative Enterocolitis and Those without: Results from the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium","volume":"31","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2017.0294","article-title":"Public Perception of Telemedicine and Surgical Telementoring in the Pediatric Population: Results of a Parental Survey","volume":"28","author":"Abdulhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.09.012","article-title":"Outcomes of a Telemedicine Bowel Management Program during COVID-19","volume":"57","author":"Knaus","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-021-04971-6","article-title":"Children with Congenital Colorectal Malformations during the UK SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Lockdown: An Assessment of Telemedicine and Impact on Health","volume":"37","author":"Stathopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.03.015","article-title":"Both Sides of the Screen: Provider and Patient Perspective on Telemedicine in Pediatric Surgery","volume":"57","author":"Knaus","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1600","article-title":"Validity and Responsiveness of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales in the Pediatric Inpatient Setting","volume":"168","author":"Desai","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.076","article-title":"Initial Development and Validation of a Fecal Incontinence-Specific Quality of Life Measure","volume":"53","author":"Cushing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.03.009","article-title":"Development of a Symptom Score for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Afshar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.062","article-title":"Intermediate and Long-Term Outcomes of a Bowel Management Program for Children with Severe Constipation or Fecal Incontinence","volume":"55","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2023, March 22). 2005\u20132006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Slaits\/Cshcn.Htm."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0969","article-title":"Transitions Clinical Report Authoring Group Supporting the Health Care Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home","volume":"128","author":"Cooley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002385","article-title":"Hirschsprung Disease: The Rise of Structured Transition and Long-Term Care","volume":"69","author":"Harrington","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.06.014","article-title":"Adult Outcomes after Surgery for Hirschsprung\u2019s Disease: Evaluation of Bowel Function and Quality of Life","volume":"50","author":"Danielson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.08.027","article-title":"Long Term Quality of Life in Patients with Hirschsprung\u2019s Disease Who Underwent Heart-Shaped Anastomosis during Childhood: A Twenty-Year Follow-up in China","volume":"50","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.051","article-title":"Outcome in Adults with Anorectal Malformations in Relation to Modern Classification\u2014Which Patients Do We Need to Follow beyond Childhood?","volume":"52","author":"Danielson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002368","article-title":"Transition of Care Barriers in Pediatric Patients With Anorectal Malformation","volume":"65","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2016.0275","article-title":"Transition from Paediatric Surgery: How Many Patients Do We Need to Plan For?","volume":"98","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001033","article-title":"Challenges in Transition of Care for Patients With Anorectal Malformations: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Comprehensive Care","volume":"61","author":"Cairo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-018-4401-7","article-title":"Transition of Care: A Growing Concern in Adult Patients Born with Colorectal Anomalies","volume":"35","author":"Acker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000576","article-title":"Prevalence of Active Long-Term Problems in Patients With Anorectal Malformations: A Systematic Review","volume":"59","author":"Connor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-016-3908-z","article-title":"Long-Term Results of Transanal Pull-through for Hirschsprung\u2019s Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Zimmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2015.01.002","article-title":"Transition of Care in Pediatric Surgical Patients with Complex Gastrointestinal Disease","volume":"24","author":"Muise","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e32833984a5","article-title":"Adherence to Medical Recommendations and Transition to Adult Services in Pediatric Transplant Recipients","volume":"15","author":"Shemesh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Organ Transplant."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.2223","article-title":"Stakeholder Validation of a Model of Readiness for Transition to Adult Care","volume":"167","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23039","article-title":"The Transition of Young Adults with Lifelong Urological Needs from Pediatric to Adult Services: An International Children\u2019s Continence Society Position Statement","volume":"36","author":"Bower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.4417","article-title":"Defining the Need for Transitional Care From Pediatric to Adult Surgery for Young Adult Patients With Surgically Corrected Congenital Anomalies","volume":"151","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03560.x","article-title":"Transition from Pediatric to Adult Health Services: The Perioperative Care Perspective: Transition from Pediatric to Adult Health Services","volume":"21","author":"Brennan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.301","article-title":"Transitional Care From Pediatric to Adult Surgery","volume":"149","author":"Naiditch","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2015.05.022","article-title":"Systematic Review of the Impact of Transition Interventions for Adolescents With Chronic Illness on Transfer From Pediatric to Adult Healthcare","volume":"30","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.06.014","article-title":"Experiences and Attitudes of Young Adults with Congenital Bowel and Bladder Conditions","volume":"17","author":"Loftus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.4338","article-title":"The Transition Process of Spina Bifida Patients to Adult-Centred Care: An Assessment of the Canadian Urology Landscape","volume":"11","author":"Wajchendler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2021.01.001","article-title":"Transition Care from Adolescence to Adulthood: A 10-Year Service Review of the Gynecological Implications for Young Women and Girls Born with Cloacal Anomalies","volume":"34","author":"Blyth","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Violani, C., Grano, C., Fernandes, M., Prato, A.P., Feitz, W.F.J., Wijnen, R., Battye, M., Schwarzer, N., Lemli, A., and Cavalieri, D. (2022). The Transition of Care for Patients with Anorectal Malformations and Hirschsprung Disease: A European Survey. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1749212"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassa, A.-M., Engvall, G., Dellenmark Blom, M., and Engstrand Lilja, H. (2022). Understanding of the Transition to Adult Healthcare Services among Individuals with VACTERL Association in Sweden: A Qualitative Study. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269163"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745814","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.745814","article-title":"Health Concerns of Adolescents and Adults with Spina Bifida","volume":"12","author":"Starowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.03.041","article-title":"Urologic Problems in Spina Bifida Patients Transitioning to Adult Care","volume":"84","author":"Summers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.09.020","article-title":"How Successful Is the Transition to Adult Urology Care in Spina Bifida? A Single Center 7-Year Experience","volume":"13","author":"Szymanski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25021","article-title":"Scoping Review of Neurogenic Bladder Patient-Reported Readiness and Experience Following Care in a Transitional Urology Clinic","volume":"41","author":"Chua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2015.11.006","article-title":"Gynecologic Concerns in Patients with Cloacal Anomaly","volume":"25","author":"Breech","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2009.11.019","article-title":"Gynecologic Concerns in Patients with Anorectal Malformations","volume":"19","author":"Breech","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.03.011","article-title":"Long Term Follow-up and Transition of Care in Anorectal Malformations: An International Survey","volume":"51","author":"Giuliani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2012.04.002","article-title":"Delayed Transition of Care: A National Study of Visits to Pediatricians by Young Adults","volume":"12","author":"Fortuna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.06.008","article-title":"Transition of Care in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: Consensus by the ARM-Net Consortium","volume":"52","author":"Giuliani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.05.015","article-title":"Reaching Adulthood with Hirschsprung\u2019s Disease: Patient Experiences and Recommendations for Transitional Care","volume":"56","author":"Hoel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02635-8","article-title":"Urologic Provider Experiences in Transitioning Spina Bifida Patients from Pediatric to Adult Care","volume":"37","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e853530","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/853530","article-title":"Transitioning the Adolescent with IBD from Pediatric to Adult Care: A Review of the Literature","volume":"2015","author":"Bollegala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161303","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1303","article-title":"Transition of Care From Pediatric to Adult Surgery","volume":"138","author":"Rothstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.7.FOCUS19425","article-title":"Development of an Evidence-Based Individualized Transition Plan for Spina Bifida","volume":"47","author":"Hopson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eAO6314","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2021AO6314","article-title":"Transition of Care in Pediatric Surgery","volume":"19","author":"Botelho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Einstein"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0641","article-title":"Ohio Study Shows That Insurance Coverage Is Critical For Children With Special Health Care Needs As They Transition To Adulthood","volume":"30","author":"Goudie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2127034","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.27034","article-title":"Assessment of Health Literacy and Self-Reported Readiness for Transition to Adult Care Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida","volume":"4","author":"Rague","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1605351","article-title":"Understanding Experiences of Youth Growing Up with Anorectal Malformation or Hirschsprung\u2019s Disease to Inform Transition Care: A Qualitative In-Depth Interview Study","volume":"28","author":"Nah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2020-0052","article-title":"Key Components of Successful Transition for Adolescents Born with Anorectal Malformations-a Nordic Focus Group Study","volume":"34","author":"Tofft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2020.150991","article-title":"Ongoing Care for the Patient with an Anorectal Malfromation; Transitioning to Adulthood","volume":"29","author":"Gasior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-140269","article-title":"Transition and Transfer of Adolescents and Young Adults with Pediatric Onset Chronic Disease: The Patient and Parent Perspective","volume":"7","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.057","article-title":"Reality Check: What Happens When Patients with Anorectal Malformations Grow up? A Pilot Study of Medical Care Transition from the Adult Patient Perspective","volume":"53","author":"Duggan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4615-3","article-title":"Self-Identified Social Determinants of Health during Transitions of Care in the Medically Underserved: A Narrative Review","volume":"33","author":"Virapongse","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-012-3119-1","article-title":"Sexual Function in Adults with Anorectal Malformation: Psychosocial Adaptation. German Network for Congenital Uro-REctal Malformations (CURE-Net)","volume":"28","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/4\/633\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:04:58Z","timestamp":1760123098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/4\/633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["children10040633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10040633","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]}}}