{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:05:48Z","timestamp":1790787948686,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral School of the University of La R\u00e9union"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are the most common cause of neurocognitive impairment and social inadaptation, affecting 1 birth in 100. Despite the existence of precise diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis remains difficult, often confounded with other genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental disorders. Since 2016, Reunion Island has been a pilot region for the identification, diagnosis, and care of FASD in France. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and the types of Copy Number Variations (CNV) in FASD patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 patients diagnosed with FASD in the Reference Center for developmental anomalies and in the FASD Diagnostic Center of the University Hospital was performed. Records of all patients were reviewed to obtain their medical history, family history, clinical phenotype, and investigations, including genetic testing (CGH- or SNP-array). Results: A rate of 20.8% (n = 21) of CNVs was found including 57% (12\/21) of pathogenic variants and 29% (6\/21) of variants of uncertain signification (VUS). Conclusion: A particularly high number of CNVs was found in children and adolescents with FASD. It reinforces the plea for a multidisciplinary approach for developmental disorders to explore both environmental factors, such as avoidable teratogens and intrinsic vulnerabilities, especially genetic determinants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T04:08:03Z","timestamp":1680840483000},"page":"694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Description of Copy Number Variations in a Series of Children and Adolescents with FASD in Reunion Island"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"La\u00ebtitia","family":"Sennsfelder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire EPI (Etudes pharmaco-immunologiques), UFR Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susie","family":"Guilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Leruste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIC 1410 (Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"UFR Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Hoareau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"L\u00e9ocadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Beuvain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Me\u00efssa","family":"Nekaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Ressources TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), Fondation P\u00e8re Favron, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97546 Saint-Pierre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00eft\u00e9","family":"Bagard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Ressources TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), Fondation P\u00e8re Favron, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97546 Saint-Pierre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Diagnostic TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Lanneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Diagnostic TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Etchebarren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Diagnostic TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Tallot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Diagnostic TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Spodenkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIC 1410 (Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le de Sant\u00e9 Mentale, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97448 Saint-Pierre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Anomalies du D\u00e9veloppement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest Occitanie R\u00e9union, Site Constitutif de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godelieve","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Anomalies du D\u00e9veloppement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest Occitanie R\u00e9union, Site Constitutif de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Blanluet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gueguen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9r\u00e9nice","family":"Roy-Doray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire EPI (Etudes pharmaco-immunologiques), UFR Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"CIC 1410 (Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique), CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Centre Ressources TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l\u2019Alcoolisation F\u0153tale), Fondation P\u00e8re Favron, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La R\u00e9union, 97546 Saint-Pierre, France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Anomalies du D\u00e9veloppement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest Occitanie R\u00e9union, Site Constitutif de La R\u00e9union, 97400 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200304000-00002","article-title":"Children of Alcoholic Parents\u2014Observed Anomalies: Discussion of 127 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