{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:14:23Z","timestamp":1780337663410,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperatio Program in the research area of Sport Sciences\u2013Biomedical and Rehabilitation Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clubfoot is one of the most common musculoskeletal birth deformities worldwide. The prevalence varies among individual countries and populations. There is a lack of nationwide incidence studies in Central Europe. We analyzed the incidence of clubfoot in the Czech Republic over 14 years. Patients born with clubfoot in the Czech Republic were identified using The National Registry of Congenital Anomalies. Demographic data were included. Data from 2000 to 2014 were collected and analyzed regarding gender and regional distribution. The study\u2019s chosen time frame was grounded on the condition of the Czech industry. Following extensive transformations in 1989, the industry eliminated highly non-ecological operations with significant environmental impact and related health risks. The incidence of clubfoot during the study period was 1.9 (95% CI 1.8\u20132.0) per 1000 births; males comprised the majority (59%). The incidence significantly differed among individual regions of the Czech Republic (p &lt; 0.001). The incidence in the Czech Republic was higher than in previous European studies. We found significant regional differences in incidence, which could indicate that there may be exogenous pathogenic factors. For this reason, we plan to follow up our work with an up-to-date study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1681268228000},"page":"714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Incidence of Clubfoot in the Czech Republic: A Nationwide Epidemiological Study from 2000 to 2014"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Janatov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences-Biomedical Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 31, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tereza","family":"Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 31, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Lopot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences-Biomedical Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 31, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200303000-00025","article-title":"Current Issues Edited by Genetics and Epidemiology of Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus","volume":"23","author":"Barker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0734-9","article-title":"Update on Clubfoot: Etiology and Treatment","volume":"467","author":"Dobbs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0913-z","article-title":"The Etiology of Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Pavone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33481","article-title":"Epidemiology of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus in Iowa, 1997\u20132005","volume":"152","author":"Kancherla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12167","article-title":"Update on Clubfoot","volume":"49","author":"Gibbons","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B7.0841015","article-title":"Efficacy of Prenatal Ultrasonography in Confirmed Club Foot","volume":"84","author":"Keret","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg.\u2014Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i5.585","article-title":"Worldwide Spread of the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot","volume":"5","author":"Shabtai","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Carrero, E., Castillo-L\u00f3pez, J.M., Medina-Alcantara, M., Dom\u00ednguez-Maldonado, G., Garcia-Paya, I., and Jim\u00e9nez-Cebri\u00e1n, A.M. (2023). Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Clubfoot: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043714"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200207000-00019","article-title":"Ponseti versus Traditional Methods of Casting for Idiopathic Clubfoot","volume":"22","author":"Herzenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200605000-00009","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Clubfeet Treated with Extensive Soft-Tissue Release","volume":"88","author":"Dobbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-160394","article-title":"Current Conservative Management and Classification of Club Foot: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Balasankar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.38584","article-title":"Use of the Ponseti Method for Recurrent Clubfoot Following Posteromedial Release","volume":"42","author":"Dobbs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03016.x","article-title":"Impact of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Etiology on Treatment Outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Gurnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200401000-00005","article-title":"Factors Predictive of Outcome after Use of the Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet","volume":"86","author":"Dobbs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg.\u2014Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"59","article-title":"Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: An Historical Review","volume":"20","author":"Dobbs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0721-1","article-title":"The Classic: Observations on Pathogenesis and Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot","volume":"467","author":"Ponseti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0720-2","article-title":"The Classic: Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment","volume":"467","author":"Ponseti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7491","article-title":"Clubfoot Pathoanatomy\u2014Biomechanics of Deformity Correction: A Narrative Review","volume":"9","author":"Mosca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-017-5290-0","article-title":"The 2017 ABJS Nicolas Andry Award: Advancing Personalized Medicine for Clubfoot Through Translational Research","volume":"475","author":"Dobbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7236","article-title":"Clubfoot Pathology in Fetus and Pathogenesis. A New Pathogenetic Theory Based on Pathology, Imaging Findings and Biomechanics-a Narrative Review","volume":"9","author":"Ippolito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"843","article-title":"Club Foot, an Adverse Outcome of Early Amniocentesis: Disruption or Deformation?","volume":"36","author":"Farrell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000048024","article-title":"Early Amniocentesis and Congenital Foot Deformities","volume":"17","author":"Valentin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20417","article-title":"Maternal Smoking and the Risk for Clubfoot in Infants","volume":"82","author":"Dickinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part A\u2014Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000449","article-title":"Factors Associated With Increased Risk of Clubfoot: A Norwegian National Cohort Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Dodwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.7.658","article-title":"Family History, Maternal Smoking, and Clubfoot: An Indication of a Gene-Environment Interaction","volume":"152","author":"Honein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.10071","article-title":"Talipes Equinovarus and Maternal Smoking: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Washington State","volume":"66","author":"Skelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61067","article-title":"Congenital Clubfoot in Europe: A Population-Based Study","volume":"179","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"\u00daZIS \u010cR (2013). Vrozen\u00e9 Vady u Narozen\u00fdch v Roce 2011."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"\u00daZIS \u010cR (2020). MKN-10: Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed Klasifikace Nemoc\u00ed a P\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch Zdravotn\u00edch Probl\u00e9m\u016f."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.678797","article-title":"Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: An Epidemiological Study in Sicily","volume":"83","author":"Pavone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610013114","article-title":"Increasing Incidence of Club Foot with Higher Population Density: Incidence and Geographical Variation in Denmark over a 16-Year Period\u2014An Epidemiological Study of 936,525 Births","volume":"77","author":"Krogsgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610013123","article-title":"Incidence of Congenital Clubfoot in Sweden","volume":"77","author":"Wallander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3109\/17453671003619045","article-title":"Congenital Clubfoot: Aspects on Epidemiology, Residual Deformity and Patient Reported Outcome","volume":"81","author":"Wallander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610013105","article-title":"Increasing Incidence of Clubfoot: Changes in the Genes or the Environment?","volume":"77","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"86","article-title":"Incidence and Aetiology of Talipes Equino-Varus with Recent Population Changes","volume":"76","author":"Paton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2003.00477.x","article-title":"Talipes Equinovarus in Western Australia","volume":"17","author":"Carey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30505","article-title":"Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus (ITEV) (Clubfeet) in Texas","volume":"132A","author":"Moorthi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00647.x","article-title":"A South Australian Population-Based Study of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus","volume":"19","author":"Sharpe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"129","article-title":"Seasonal Distribution of Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in Scotland","volume":"11","author":"Barker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. Part B"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"\u00daZIS \u010cR (2013). Vrozen\u00e9 Vady u Narozen\u00fdch v Roce 2011\u2014Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed Informace \u010d. 47\/2013."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20625","article-title":"Multistate Study of the Epidemiology of Clubfoot","volume":"85","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part A\u2014Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"15","article-title":"[Birth Defects in Births in the Czech Republic Regions in 1994\u20132007]. TT\u2014Vrozen\u00e9 Vady u Narozen\u00fdch Det\u00ed v Jednotliv\u00fdch Kraj\u00edch Cesk\u00e9 Republiky v Obdob\u00ed Let 1994\u20132007","volume":"75","author":"Gregor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ces. Gynekol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1021\/es970174p","article-title":"Czech Air Quality Monitoring and Receptor Modeling Study","volume":"32","author":"Pinto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u016fnov\u00e1, I. (2020). Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic: Past and Present. Atmosphere, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11020214"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-31.3.231","article-title":"The Black Triangle Area\u2014Fit for Europe? Numerical Air Quality Studies for the Black Triangle Area","volume":"31","author":"Renner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardy, A.H., Barker, S., Chesney, D., Sharp, L., Maffulli, N., and Miedzybrodzka, Z. (2007). Pedigree Analysis and Epidemiological Features of Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the United Kingdom: A Case-Control Study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-62"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragothaman, A., and Anderson, W.A. (2017). Air Quality Impacts of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Industries. Environments, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/environments4030066"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/4\/714\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:14:26Z","timestamp":1760123666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/4\/714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["children10040714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10040714","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}}}