{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:25:16Z","timestamp":1776353116954,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers are at risk of infection, as well as adverse outcomes due to the infection. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on neonatal outcome. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study. We collected data on maternal symptomatology upon admission and their correlation with the development of the infant. Through a questionnaire we analyzed the impact on breastfeeding of the separation of the mother from the newborn, as well as the maternal psycho-emotional effect. (3) Results: Ninety infants were enrolled in the study, from one twin pregnancy and the rest singleton pregnancies. Out of the 89 mothers, 34 showed symptoms. Neonates from mothers with anosmia and ageusia had a higher value of WBC and lymphocytes (p = 0.06 and p = 0.04). Breastfeeding was started in 57.3% of mothers after their discharge from hospital and only 41.6% of the whole study group continued at the follow-up visit. Mothers who described a negative experience during hospitalization associated a 2.42 times higher risk of not continuing breastfeeding. (4) Conclusion: None of the infants enrolled in the study had SARS-CoV-2 infection either at birth or within the first two months of life. Breastfeeding was started with more than half newborns after discharge from hospital. The negative experience generated by the separation from their babies influenced breastfeeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10050771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T02:06:35Z","timestamp":1682388395000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effect of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Neonatal Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0677-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"Matyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madalina","family":"Valeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9143-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Hasmasanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Voina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, County Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Tutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela C.","family":"Zaharie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.04.021","article-title":"COVID-19: Developing from an Outbreak to A Pandemic","volume":"51","author":"Hanaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0878","article-title":"Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"174","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30345-4","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: A prospective observational study","volume":"8","author":"Kc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004347","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004347","article-title":"Small and sick newborn care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global survey and thematic analysis of healthcare providers\u2019 voices and experiences","volume":"6","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2021.105483","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on developmental care practices for infants born preterm","volume":"163","author":"Scala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-00960-8","article-title":"Care of hospitalized infants and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international survey","volume":"41","author":"Litmanovitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0976-5","article-title":"International comparison of guidelines for managing neonates at the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"89","author":"Lavizzari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17436-6","article-title":"Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"11","author":"Vivanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, F.J., Hope, C.M., Masavuli, M.G., Lynn, M.A., Mekonnen, Z.A., Yeow, A.E.L., Garcia-Valtanen, P., Al-Delfi, Z., Gummow, J., and Ferguson, C. (2022). Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMC Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02228-6"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006","article-title":"COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"252","author":"Capobianco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0901-SA","article-title":"An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes","volume":"144","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.031","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 46 pregnant women with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Washington State","volume":"223","author":"Lokken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22088","article-title":"Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome: Systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Juan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"157","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Pregnancy and the Possibility of Vertical Transmission","volume":"21","author":"Ashraf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Infertil."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13204","article-title":"COVID-19 and pregnancy: A review of clinical characteristics, obstetric outcomes and vertical transmission","volume":"60","author":"Pettirosso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.03.013","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of maternal and neonate with COVID-19 infection\u2014Multicenter study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Almatari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2107","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2107","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: National population based cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Knight","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01070-6","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: A scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Kotlar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.04.013","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy: A systematic review of reported cases","volume":"223","author":"Rizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13867","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID-19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies","volume":"99","author":"Zaigham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009226","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"382","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, V., Seo, D., Warty, R., Payne, O., Salih, M., Chin, K.L., Ofori-Asenso, R., Krishnan, S., da Silva Costa, F., and Vollenhoven, B. (2020). Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234187"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges, management, and outcome of infants born to mothers with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic","volume":"23","author":"Zaharie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceulemans, M., Verbakel, J.Y., van Calsteren, K., Eerdekens, A., Allegaert, K., and Foulon, V. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Results from an Observational Study in Primary Care in Belgium. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186766"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30342-4","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: A prospective national cohort study using active surveillance","volume":"5","author":"Gale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101056","article-title":"Neonatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014A global survey of parents\u2019 experiences regarding infant and family-centred developmental care","volume":"39","author":"Kostenzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-1000-9","article-title":"We want our families in the NICU!","volume":"88","author":"Boronat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2010.10.004","article-title":"Family support and family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit: Origins, advances, impact","volume":"35","author":"Gooding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13295","article-title":"Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action","volume":"151","author":"Ceulemans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breastfeeding experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A qualitative study","volume":"17","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000899","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2020-000899","article-title":"Parental perceptions of the impact of neonatal unit visitation policies during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Muniraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr. Open"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13088","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13088","article-title":"Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID-19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2023, March 11). Implementation Guidance: Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services: The Revised Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/272943."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"The Mother-Friendly Childbirth Initiative (2023, March 11). The First Consensus Initiative of the Coalition for Improving Maternity Services (CIMS), Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9015979\/."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/5\/771\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:22:51Z","timestamp":1760124171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/5\/771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["children10050771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10050771","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]}}}