{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T18:18:28Z","timestamp":1778869108336,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: during the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological burden increased. Contact restrictions were predominantly stressful for families. Parenthood was reported to be especially challenging for parents of preterm children. Material and Methods: a cross-sectional online-based survey on the psychological burden of parents of preterm and full-term born infants and toddlers during the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany was offered by social media, webpages, etc. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), COVID-19 Anxiety (C-19-A), COVID-19-related child protection behavior (PB) were used. Results: 2742 parents\u2014predominantly females\u2014took part in the study, 2025 parents of full-term and 717 parents of preterm born children. Female caregivers of full-term children reported significantly more depression symptoms than those of preterm children during the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The PB correlated with increased COVID-19 anxiety as well as with increased generalized anxiety and depression symptoms. Female caregivers of preterm children showed significantly more protection behavior than those of full-term born children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10050787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T04:30:47Z","timestamp":1682569847000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Psychological Burden during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Female Caregivers of Preterm versus Term Born Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maire","family":"Brasseler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Mitschd\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesverband \u201cDas fr\u00fchgeborene Kind e.V.\u201d, 60598 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarete","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Bunter Kreis, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Skoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"B\u00e4uerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Teufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Felderhoff-M\u00fcser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"H\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Bunter Kreis, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, 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