{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:32:16Z","timestamp":1782397936827,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K14960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K14960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in cranial shape among preterm neonates aged 1\u20136 months and the relationship between developmental quotient (DQ) and cranial shape at 6 months of age. Preterm infants who were hospitalized in our hospital were prospectively followed for 6 months. The cephalic index (CI) and cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) were evaluated at 1 (T1), 3 (T2), and 6 months (T3) of age and compared with those of the full-term infants. The relationship between CI or CVAI and DQ at T3 was analyzed using the Enjoji Scale of Infant Analytical Development. A total of 26 participants born at 34.7 \u00b1 1.9 weeks of gestation were included. The CI increased with age (T1: 77.2%, T2: 82.9%, T3: 85.4%, p &lt; 0.01). The prevalence of dolichocephaly at T3 did not significantly differ from that in full-term infants (15.4% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.08). CVAI did not significantly differ between preterm and full-term infants. The DQ showed no significant correlation with either the CI or CVAI (correlation coefficients: 0.23 for CI, \u22120.01; CVAI). Dolichocephaly improved over time in preterm infants and no relationship between cranial shape and development was observed in preterm infants at 6 months of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10050855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:22:19Z","timestamp":1683775339000},"page":"855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Changes in Cranial Shape and Developmental Quotient at 6 Months of Age in Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aya","family":"Nakanomori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama 344-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Miyabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama 344-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama 344-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taishin","family":"Maedomari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama 344-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama 344-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama 344-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Okahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5685-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1971.tb08320.x","article-title":"Head shape and size of pre-term low-birthweight infants","volume":"13","author":"Baum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. 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