{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:08:29Z","timestamp":1760148509233,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this case series, we describe the diagnosis of post-COVID-19 myocarditis in asymptomatic patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and a mild COVID-19 disease course. These patients were referred for CMR due to electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alterations, which did not exist before COVID-19 infection. CMR identified the presence of severe myocardial inflammation in all patients based on abnormally elevated myocardial T2 ratio, late gadolinium enhancement, native T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and extracellular volume fraction. This was paired with concurrent impairment of left ventricular function. Appropriate treatment was initiated in all cases. Two of the four patients developed episodes of ventricular tachycardia during the following 6 months, and a defibrillator was implanted. Despite the mild clinical presentation, this case series demonstrates the diagnostic strength of CMR in the diagnosis and evaluation of post-COVID-19 myocarditis and serves to increase awareness of this potential complication amongst treating physicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10050894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T08:09:44Z","timestamp":1684397384000},"page":"894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heart Failure Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The Additive Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Markousis-Mavrogenis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Belegrinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Giannakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Karanasios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Vartela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elephtheria","family":"Patsilinakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Diagnostic Research Center, 18543 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Samantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Diagnostic Research Center, 18543 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roser-Marie","family":"Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antigoni","family":"Papavasiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iaso Children\u2019s Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie I.","family":"Mavrogeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26902","article-title":"The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"62","author":"Veerapandiyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services provided by Italian Neuromuscular Centers: An Italian Association of Myology survey of the acute phase","volume":"39","author":"Mauri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Myol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0264-3","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis: A genetic perspective","volume":"10","author":"Scalco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orphanet. J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10149-2","article-title":"Management of patients with neuromuscular disorders at the time of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"268","author":"Costamagna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markousis-Mavrogenis, G., Belegrinos, A., Giannakopoulou, A., Papavasiliou, A., Koulouri, V., Marketos, N., Patsilinakou, E., Lazarioti, F., Bacopoulou, F., and Mavragani, C.P. (2023). Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Demonstrates Myocardial Inflammation of Differing Etiologies and Acuities in Patients with Genetic and Inflammatory Myopathies. J. Clin. 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Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasilewska, E., Sobierajska-Rek, A., \u015aledzi\u0144ska, K., Ma\u0142gorzewicz, S., Jassem, E., and Wierzba, J. (2021). Morbidity, Clinical Course and Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Patient Reported Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010406"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.04.005","article-title":"Clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 7 adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy attending a specialist neuromuscular centre","volume":"31","author":"Quinlivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. 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