{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:30:47Z","timestamp":1780320647528,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Successful outcome of pulp therapy depends on good chemomechanical preparation of the canals. This is completed with the help of various upcoming rotary and hand files. However, during this preparation, there might be an apical extrusion of the debris which may result in postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the number of debris apically extruded during canal preparation using two different pediatric rotary file systems and conventional hand file systems in primary teeth. 60 primary maxillary central incisors that were extracted due to trauma or untreated dental caries with no signs of resorption were taken. Canal preparation was executed using three different file systems: Group A: Group A hand K file system, Group B Kedo S Plus, Group C Kedo SG Blue. For each of these files using the Myers and Montgomery model, the pre- and post-weight of the eppendorf tube was assessed to quantify the number of apical debris. The maximum extrusion of apical debris was noticed with the Hand K-file system. The least debris was noticed in the Kedo S Plus file system. Statistical analysis revealed that there were highly significant differences in apical extrusion and debris when comparing hand files and rotary files and also between the two rotary files used. Apical debris collection is an unavoidable outcome of canal instrumentation. Among the file systems compared, rotary files had lesser extrusion when compared to hand files. Among the rotary files, Kedo S plus showed normal extrusion compared to SG Blue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10050898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T01:26:41Z","timestamp":1684459601000},"page":"898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Extrusion of Apical Debris in Primary Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Two Different Rotary Systems and Hand Files: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Balaji","family":"Suresh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Jeevanandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mashyakhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ather Ahmed","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Ahmed","family":"Assiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhadevi C.","family":"Maganur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satish","family":"Vishwanathaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Endodontic considerations in pediatric dentistry: A clinical perspective","volume":"11","author":"Ounsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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