{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:09:41Z","timestamp":1760148581734,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are relatively rare, especially in the pediatric age group. This report describes a pediatric case of acute pancreatitis secondary to stenosis of the main pancreatic duct due to a PNET. The patient was a boy, thirteen and a half years old, who presented with persistent low-grade fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on the elevation of serum pancreatic enzyme levels and abdominal ultrasonography findings of enlargement of the pancreas and dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a 5.5 mm, contrast-enhanced mass in the head of the pancreas. His symptoms resolved with conservative treatment, although the pancreatic tumor grew slowly. At fifteen years and four months, since the tumor had enlarged to 8.0 mm, the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Based on the pathological evaluation, he was diagnosed with PNET (grade: G1). The patient has been free of tumor recurrence for 10 years and requires no additional therapy. In this report, the clinical characteristics of PNETs are also discussed, comparing the clinical features of adult-onset and pediatric-onset cases that initially present as acute pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10050900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1684492511000},"page":"900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7536-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigetaka","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Minowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuyuki","family":"Yamataka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0364-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v5.i4.416","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-014-0934-2","article-title":"Epidemiological trends of pancreatic and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors in Japan: A nationwide survey analysis","volume":"50","author":"Ito","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17154","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017154","article-title":"Pediatric gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"98","author":"Gaiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W482","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5428","article-title":"Small serotonin-producing neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas associated with pancreatic duct obstruction","volume":"197","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318227adef","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis secondary to neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors: Report of 3 cases and literature review","volume":"41","author":"Justo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2958\/suizo.36.104","article-title":"A patient with pancreatic neuroedocrine tumor and severe acute pancreatitis: Case report","volume":"36","author":"Kasai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Suizo"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"270","article-title":"A case of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with acute pancreatitis in a young man","volume":"45","author":"Funamizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.7869\/tg.217","article-title":"Recurrent acute pancreatitis secondary to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: Role of endoscopic ultrasound","volume":"35","author":"Puri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2018.71.2.98","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor presenting as acute pancreatitis","volume":"71","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"S2239253X21034939","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis secondary to non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: Uncommon clinical presentation. Clinical case and review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Caruso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Ital. Chir."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200011000-00001","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis secondary to pancreatic carcinoma. Study Group Participants","volume":"21","author":"Mujica","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.51","article-title":"Fibrosis and carcinoid syndrome: From causation to future therapy","volume":"5","author":"Druce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2016.07.012","article-title":"Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"97","author":"Dromain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000443171","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for the Management of Patients with Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"103","author":"Falconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4986-1","article-title":"Observation versus resection for small asymptomatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A matched case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Sadot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.04.035","article-title":"Outcomes of resected nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Do size and symptoms matter?","volume":"158","author":"Sallinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/5\/900\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:38:28Z","timestamp":1760125108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/5\/900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["children10050900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10050900","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-9067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]}}}