{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1787745178154,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI 18\/SIRG\/5483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI 18\/SIRG\/5483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP7\/2007-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["260777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\/RC\/2272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/RC\/2272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI 15\/SIRG\/3580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI 15\/SIRG\/3580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Physiology, UCC","award":["SFI 18\/SIRG\/5483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI 18\/SIRG\/5483"]}]},{"name":"Department of Physiology, UCC","award":["EU FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP7\/2007-2013"]}]},{"name":"Department of Physiology, UCC","award":["260777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260777"]}]},{"name":"Department of Physiology, UCC","award":["12\/RC\/2272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/RC\/2272"]}]},{"name":"Department of Physiology, UCC","award":["SFI 15\/SIRG\/3580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI 15\/SIRG\/3580"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To test the potential utility of applying machine learning methods to regional cerebral (rcSO2) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) signals to detect brain injury in extremely preterm infants. Study design: A subset of infants enrolled in the Management of Hypotension in Preterm infants (HIP) trial were analysed (n = 46). All eligible infants were &lt;28 weeks\u2019 gestational age and had continuous rcSO2 measurements performed over the first 72 h and cranial ultrasounds performed during the first week after birth. SpO2 data were available for 32 infants. The rcSO2 and SpO2 signals were preprocessed, and prolonged relative desaturations (PRDs; data-driven desaturation in the 2-to-15-min range) were extracted. Numerous quantitative features were extracted from the biosignals before and after the exclusion of the PRDs within the signals. PRDs were also evaluated as a stand-alone feature. A machine learning model was used to detect brain injury (intraventricular haemorrhage-IVH grade II\u2013IV) using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the PRD rcSO2 was 0.846 (95% CI: 0.720\u20130.948), outperforming the rcSO2 threshold approach (AUC 0.593 95% CI 0.399\u20130.775). Neither the clinical model nor any of the SpO2 models were significantly associated with brain injury. Conclusion: There was a significant association between the data-driven definition of PRDs in rcSO2 and brain injury. Automated analysis of PRDs of the cerebral NIRS signal in extremely preterm infants may aid in better prediction of IVH compared with a threshold-based approach. Further investigation of the definition of the extracted PRDs and an understanding of the physiology underlying these events are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10060917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T01:29:26Z","timestamp":1684891766000},"page":"917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Machine Learning Detects Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Extremely Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Minoo","family":"Ashoori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8832-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken D.","family":"O\u2019Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Naulaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care, Katholieke Universiteit Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Thewissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care, Katholieke Universiteit Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0489-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Miletin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric and Newborn Medicine, Coombe Women\u2019s Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yin","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2933-822X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afif","family":"EL-Khuffash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 P796 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Van Laere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatale Intensive Care Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis, (UZ) Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbyn\u011bk","family":"Stra\u0148\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene M.","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona B.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164805","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.4805","article-title":"Association between Moderate and Late Preterm Birth and Neurodevelopment and Social-Emotional Development at Age 2 Years","volume":"171","author":"Cheong","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480450","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5480450","article-title":"Neuromotor Development Evaluation of Preterm Babies Less than 34 Weeks of Gestation with Bayley III at 18\u201324 Months","volume":"2020","author":"Bulbul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. 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