{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:08:48Z","timestamp":1790791728944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obstructive sleep apnea can have a negative impact on children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 neurocognitive abilities and hinder their academic and adaptive progress in academic, social, and\/or behavioral dimensions. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the influence of body weight conditions and allergy status on long-term mental health, cognitive development, and quality of life in children and adolescents who snored. Methods: The study sample included 47 subjects (age range 4.1 to 15.3 years) who exhibited high levels of snoring and underwent home-based polysomnography between 2015 and 2019. Follow-up assessments (3 years on average between baseline and follow-up) entailed phone interviews with the subject\u2019s parents\/caregivers who completed three validated questionnaires investigating sleep, quality of life, and parental ratings. Results: We found a correlation between age at diagnosis and being retrospectively overweight and high levels of snoring. In addition to a higher risk of developing emotional symptoms (8.2% increase in retrospective overweight status for each unit increase in the emotional score at follow-up) and oppositional behavior (9% increase in retrospective overweight status for each unit of oppositional T points at follow-up), we also noted reduced long-term social symptoms (11% decrease in retrospective overweight status for each unit increase in the social score at follow-up) and cognitive symptoms (10.6% decrease in retrospective overweight status for each unit increase in the cognitive score at follow-up), as well as a 6.1% increase in retrospective allergy status for each unit increase in academic performance at follow-up. Conclusions: Snoring can have negative impacts on mental health and cognitive development in the long term. Early detection and intervention for neuropsychological disorders is important in children and adolescents who score high on snoring. In the long term, the effects of snoring on neuropsychological disorders may vary based on previous body weight and allergy status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:35:21Z","timestamp":1688949321000},"page":"1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mental Health and Cognitive Development in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents Scoring High on Habitual Snoring: Role of Obesity and Allergy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Zaffanello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Pietrobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Zoccante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tenero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7746-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2661-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ciceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Nosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.6.1930","article-title":"Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a cohort of 1207 children of Southern Italy","volume":"120","author":"Brunetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.8.775","article-title":"Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"159","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. 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