{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:59:52Z","timestamp":1777496392668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the changes observed in children after the early treatment of mild class III malocclusion using bimaxillary removable plates supported by class III elastics and elastodontic devices. Methods: Twenty children (mean age 7.6 \u00b1 1.1 years) with signs of class III malocclusion were treated using by-maxillary plates (PG group) with class III elastics (10 subjects = mean age 7.9 \u00b1 1.3 years) or using class III elastodontic devices (EG group) (10 subjects = mean age 7.4 \u00b1 0.8 years). Digital models and lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). The digital models were analyzed to assess occlusal changes and maxillary morphology using the surface-to-surface matching technique. Changes in cephalometric parameters were also analyzed. The data outcomes were statistically analyzed using the paired Student\u2019s t test for inter-timing assessments and the independent Student\u2019s t test for inter-group assessments. Results: Both groups showed correction of class III malocclusions, with a significant increase in the ANB angle and the overjet (p &lt; 0.05). Subjects in the PG group exhibited a greater reduction in the inter-incisal angle compared to the EG group (p &lt; 0.05). The children in the EG group had a significantly lower percentage of palatal morphology matching between T0 and T1 compared to the PG group (p &lt; 0.05), suggesting greater morphological changes in the palate. Conclusions: Elastodontic appliances (EAs) and bi-maxillary plates successfully correct class III malocclusions in children. However, elastodontic devices significantly improved the morphology of the palate, both in the transverse and anteroposterior directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:28:06Z","timestamp":1689294486000},"page":"1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Skeletal Changes, Occlusal Changes, and Palatal Morphology in Children with Mild Class III Malocclusion Treated with Elastodontic Appliances and Bimaxillary Plates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3059-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ronsivalle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties\u2014Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Quinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties\u2014Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9433-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalia","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties\u2014Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Lo Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties\u2014Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortu, E., Pietropaoli, D., Cova, S., Marci, M.C., and Monaco, A. (2021). Efficacy of elastodontic devices in overjet and overbite reduction assessed by computer-aid evaluation. BMC Oral. Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01628-7"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment need and timing: Assessment of evolutive malocclusion conditions and associated risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Grippaudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.02.006","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion among mouth breathing children: Do expectations meet reality?","volume":"73","author":"Souki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju014","article-title":"One year treatment effects of the eruption guidance appliance in 7- to 8-year-old children: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"Myrlund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"188","article-title":"Atypical treatment of Class II malocclusion with space closure only in the lower arch","volume":"6","author":"Moser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.07.017","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Woon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"419","article-title":"Class II treatment with elastodontics","volume":"26","author":"Corbett","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"275","article-title":"Digital analysis of the occlusal changes and palatal morphology using elastodontic devices. A prospective clinical study including Class II subjects in mixed dentition","volume":"23","author":"Ronsivalle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez de Guzm\u00e1n-Barrera, J., S\u00e1ez Mart\u00ednez, C., Boronat-Catal\u00e1, M., Montiel-Company, J.M., Paredes-Gallardo, V., Gand\u00eda-Franco, J.L., Almerich-Silla, J.M., and Bellot-Arc\u00eds, C. (2017). Effectiveness of interceptive treatment of class III malocclusions with skeletal anchorage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173875"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S134303","article-title":"Developing Class III malocclusions: Challenges and solutions","volume":"10","author":"Zere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dent."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12040","article-title":"Efficacy of orthopedic treatment with protraction facemask on skeletal Class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Cordasco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inchingolo, A.D., Patano, A., Coloccia, G., Ceci, S., Inchingolo, A.M., Marinelli, G., Malcangi, G., Montenegro, V., Laudadio, C., and Pede, C.D. (2022). The Efficacy of a New AMCOP(\u00ae) Elastodontic Protocol for Orthodontic Interceptive Treatment: A Case Series and Literature Overview. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020988"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fichera, G., Martina, S., Palazzo, G., Musumeci, R., Leonardi, R., Isola, G., and Lo Giudice, A. (2021). New Materials for Orthodontic Interceptive Treatment in Primary to Late Mixed Dentition. A Retrospective Study Using Elastodontic Devices. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14071695"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-6329.22.04696-4","article-title":"Elastodontic treatment with oral bio-activators in young children","volume":"71","author":"Marra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Minerva Dent. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"42","article-title":"Class III malocclusions in deciduous or early mixed dentition: An early orthopaedic treatment","volume":"24","author":"Quinzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572009000500025","article-title":"Non-invasive 3D facial analysis and surface electromyography during functional pre-orthodontic therapy: A preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaa030","article-title":"Modified SEC III protocol: Vertical control related to patients\u2019 compliance with the chincup","volume":"43","author":"Montinaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12495","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of Class III orthopaedic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Rongo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2319\/090320-768.1","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of various force applications in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"91","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Huang, H., Shi, X., Liu, Y., and Liu, D. (2023). A study of transverse maxillomandibular discrepancy and dental compensation in early mixed dentition with skeletal Class III malocclusion without posterior crossbite. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287343"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"163","article-title":"Eruption guidance appliance: A review","volume":"15","author":"Migliaccio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1179\/14653121141443","article-title":"Early correction of anterior crossbites: A systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Borrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthod."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/7\/1219\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1760127105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/7\/1219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["children10071219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10071219","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]}}}