{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:27:16Z","timestamp":1782512836319,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various regional anesthetics have been used for postoperative analgesia for pediatric craniotomy. In this case series, we report retrospectively collected data on postoperative pain and analgesic use in 44 patients who received ultrasound-guided occipital nerve blocks in addition to intravenous analgesic agents for posterior craniotomy procedures. In the immediate post-anesthesia care unit, pain was rated as zero or well controlled in 77% of patients, with only 43% requiring intravenous or demand patient-controlled analgesia opioids. There were no block-related complications. Occipital nerve blocks may constitute a safe and effective component of multimodal analgesia in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10081374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1691749216000},"page":"1374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound-Guided Occipital Nerve Blocks as Part of Multi-Modal Perioperative Analgesia in Pediatric Posterior Craniotomies: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan I.","family":"Gaelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hajduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Krodel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi D.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert A.","family":"Benzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-017-0650-8","article-title":"Nerve blocks in pediatric and adolescent headache disorders","volume":"21","author":"Dubrovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814553973","article-title":"Occipital nerve blocks for pediatric posttraumatic headache: A case series","volume":"30","author":"Seeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2003.09.008","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in a very low-birth-weight neonate for a neurosurgical procedure","volume":"29","author":"Suresh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000109","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks for ventricular shunt revision in children","volume":"3","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"AA Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassar, H., Sarhan, K., Gamil, M., Elgohary, M., El-Hadi, H., and Mahmoud, S. (2023). Ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve block in children undergoing posterior fossa craniotomy: A randomized, controlled trial. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol., published online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000899"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000513","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of an ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve block at the level of C2","volume":"42","author":"Pingree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.2.210","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of pain and analgesic use following major elective intracranial surgery","volume":"106","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.3.350","article-title":"Pain in neurosurgically treated patients: A prospective observational study","volume":"104","author":"Klimek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018511","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1018511","article-title":"Scalp block for postoperative pain after craniotomy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1097\/pq9.0000000000000397","article-title":"Intrawound liposomal bupivacaine in pediatric Chiari decompression: A retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"LoPresti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Qual. Saf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200111000-00048","article-title":"Scalp nerve blocks decrease the severity of pain after craniotomy","volume":"93","author":"Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth. 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Anaesth."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/8\/1374\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:31:05Z","timestamp":1760128265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/8\/1374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["children10081374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10081374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]}}}