{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:33:04Z","timestamp":1783654384986,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often seem not to feel the need to go to the bathroom in whatever context they are in and may suffer from hypo-responsiveness. Recent studies show a correlation between sensory problems, constipation, and fecal incontinence in children. This requires an assessment tool to identify evacuation issues in children with sensory dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to validate the Italian version of The Toileting Habit Profile Questionnaire-Revised (THPQ-R) in children with ASD. Methods: The inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and an age between 3 and 8 years old. The Toileting Habit Profile Questionnaire Revised (THPQ-R) was recently validated in the Italian language on a healthy population. The Italian version has 17 items with two alternative response options, frequently\/always or never\/rarely, based on how often the behavior occurs. The THPQ-R questionnaire is easy to administer, interpret, and manage. For concurrent validity, we used the Italian version of the Sensory Processing Measure and Sensory Processing Measure\u2014Preschool. Results: For the THPQ-R validation, 43 participants were recruited. The internal consistency, reporting an \u03b1 value of 0.763, showed that the THPQ-R was a very reliable scale. The THPQ-R appears to be correlated only with the domains \u201cSocial Participation T-point\u201d, \u201cHearing T-point\u201d, and \u201cPlanning and Ideas T-point\u201d. However, these correlations are not statistically significant. Conclusion: The THPQ-R highlights positive results regarding validity and reliability and shows a positive correlation between defecation disorders and social participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10091528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:00:52Z","timestamp":1694422852000},"page":"1528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Toileting Habit Profile Questionnaire-Revised (THPQ-R) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Berardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Galeoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0529-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele","family":"Simeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7818-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Angel","family":"Seco-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00162-X","article-title":"Management of constipation and encopresis in infants and children","volume":"23","author":"Seth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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