{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:18:45Z","timestamp":1785763125507,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heart rate (HR) is considered the main vital sign in newborns during perinatal transition, with a threshold of 100 beats per minute (bpm), below which, intervention is recommended. However, recent changes in delivery room management, including delayed cord clamping, are likely to have influenced normal HR transition. Objective: To summarize the updated knowledge about the factors, including measurement methods, that influence HR in newborn infants immediately after birth. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of delivery room HR as a prognostic indicator in different subgroups of newborns. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar with the terms infant, heart rate, delivery room, resuscitation, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiogram. Results: Seven studies that described HR values in newborn infants immediately after birth were included. Pulse oximetry-derived HR percentiles after immediate cord clamping may not be applicable to the current practice of delayed cord clamping and the increasing use of delivery room electrocardiograms. Mask ventilation may adversely affect HR, particularly in premature and non-asphyxiated infants. Prolonged bradycardia is a negative prognostic factor, especially if combined with hypoxemia in infants &lt;32 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: HR assessment in the delivery room remains important. However, the cardiopulmonary transition is affected by delayed cord clamping, gestational age, and underlying conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10091551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1694746453000},"page":"1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Significance of Neonatal Heart Rate in the Delivery Room\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4350-6696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellisiv","family":"Nerdrum Aagaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Lee","family":"Solev\u00e5g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola Didrik","family":"Saugstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Research, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Robert H Lurie Medical Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000895","article-title":"Neonatal Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations","volume":"142","author":"Wyckoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2003.10.002","article-title":"Determination of heart rate in the baby at birth","volume":"60","author":"Owen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.07.035","article-title":"The accuracy of human senses in the detection of neonatal heart rate during standardized simulated resuscitation: Implications for delivery of care, training and technology design","volume":"84","author":"Chitkara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.04.015","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical assessment of infant heart rate in the delivery room","volume":"71","author":"Kamlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F309","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305484","article-title":"Pulse oximetry in newborns with delayed cord clamping and immediate skin-to-skin contact","volume":"99","author":"Smit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. 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