{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:16:08Z","timestamp":1791825368836,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Improvements in perinatal care have substantially decreased mortality rates among preterm infants, yet their neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life persist as a pertinent public health concern. Family-centered care has emerged as a holistic philosophy that promotes effective alliances among patients, families, and healthcare providers to improve the quality of care. Aims: This longitudinal prospective study aims to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes and brain MRI findings in a cohort of preterm newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) adopting a family-centered care model. Methods: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted to the NICU of Modena between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. Infants who underwent conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age were included. Neurodevelopmental follow-up was performed until the age of 24 months by a multidisciplinary team using the Amiel-Tison neurological assessment and the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS-R). Neurodevelopmental outcomes were classified as major sequelae (cerebral palsy, DQ \u2264 70, severe sensory impairment), minor sequelae (minor neurological signs such as clumsiness or DQ between 71 and 85), and normal outcomes (no neurological signs and DQ &gt; 85). Risk factors for severe outcomes were assessed. Results: In total, 49 of the 356 infants (13.8%) died before hospital discharge, and 2 were excluded because of congenital disorders. Of the remaining 305 infants, 222 (72.8%) completed the 24 month follow-up and were included in the study. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were classified as normal (n = 173, 77.9%), minor (n = 34, 15.3%), and major sequelae (n = 15, 6.8%). Among 221 infants undergoing brain MRI, 76 (34.4%) had major lesions (intraventricular hemorrhage, hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction, periventricular leukomalacia, and large cerebellar hemorrhage). In the multivariate regression model, the retinopathy of prematurity (OR 1.8; p value 0.016) and periventricular\u2013intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 5.6; p value &lt; 0.004) were associated with major sequelae. Conclusions: We reported low rates of severe neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants born in an Italian NICU with FCC. Identifying the risk factors for severe outcomes can assist in tailoring and optimizing early interventions on an individual basis, both within the NICU and after discharge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T05:36:12Z","timestamp":1703136972000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Neuroimaging of Very Low Birth Weight Infants from an Italian NICU Adopting the Family-Centered Care Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Licia","family":"Lugli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascia","family":"Bertoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Agnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isotta","family":"Guidotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Federica","family":"Roversi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa Muttini","family":"Della Casa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cavalleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Todeschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7951-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Di Caprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Zini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Corso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Miselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","article-title":"The global epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"52","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best. 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