{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:37:21Z","timestamp":1788212241280,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010001","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UA6MC32492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UA6MC32492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010001","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U9DMC49250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U9DMC49250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Life Course Intervention Research Network","award":["UA6MC32492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UA6MC32492"]}]},{"name":"Life Course Intervention Research Network","award":["U9DMC49250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U9DMC49250"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010001","name":"Life Course Translational Research Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UA6MC32492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UA6MC32492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010001","name":"Life Course Translational Research Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U9DMC49250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U9DMC49250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Children born prematurely (&lt;37 weeks\u2019 gestation) have an increased risk for chronic health problems and developmental challenges compared to their term-born peers. The threats to health and development posed by prematurity, the unintended effects of life-sustaining neonatal intensive care, the associated neonatal morbidities, and the profound stressors to families affect well-being during infancy, childhood, adolescence, and beyond. Specialized clinical programs provide medical and developmental follow-up care for preterm infants after hospital discharge. High-risk infant follow-up, like most post-discharge health services, has many shortcomings, including unclear goals, inadequate support for infants, parents, and families, fragmented service provisions, poor coordination among providers, and an artificially foreshortened time horizon. There are well-documented inequities in care access and delivery. We propose applying a life course health development framework to clinical follow-up for children born prematurely that is contextually appropriate, developmentally responsive, and equitably deployed. The concepts of health development, unfolding, complexity, timing, plasticity, thriving, and harmony can be mapped to key components of follow-up care delivery to address pressing health challenges. This new approach envisions a more effective version of clinical follow-up to support the best possible functional outcomes and the opportunity for every premature infant to thrive within their family and community environments over their life course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11020146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T04:35:40Z","timestamp":1706070940000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Ensuring Optimal Outcomes for Preterm Infants after NICU Discharge: A Life Course Health Development Approach to High-Risk Infant Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8748-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Litt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Pediatrics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7956-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal","family":"Halfon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthier Children, Families, and Communities, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Policy, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2037-5769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Msall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics and Kennedy Research Center on Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6676-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirley Ann","family":"Russ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthier Children, Families, and Communities, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7023-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Hintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2017.01.003","article-title":"Long-Term Impact of Preterm Birth: Neurodevelopmental and Physical Health Outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Luu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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