{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:32:20Z","timestamp":1788996740671,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010147","name":"Spanish Association of Pediatrics awarded to Teresa del Rosal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INVEST-AEP 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVEST-AEP 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010147","name":"Spanish Association of Pediatrics awarded to Teresa del Rosal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contrato R\u00edo Hortega CM21\/00174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contrato R\u00edo Hortega CM21\/00174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondos FEDER","award":["INVEST-AEP 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVEST-AEP 2019"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondos FEDER","award":["Contrato R\u00edo Hortega CM21\/00174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contrato R\u00edo Hortega CM21\/00174"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children with pneumonia, although viruses are responsible for most cases. We aimed to evaluate the impact of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) on antibiotic use. We conducted a prospective study of children under 14 years of age admitted for suspected viral pneumonia, from October 2019 to June 2022 (except March\u2013November 2020). A mPCR respiratory panel (FilmArray\u00ae 2plus, bioM\u00e9rieux, Marcy-l\u2019\u00c9toile, France) was performed within 72 h of admission. Patients with positive reverse transcription PCR for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, or SARS-CoV-2 were excluded. We compared the patients with historical controls (2017\u20132018) who had suspected viral pneumonia but did not undergo an aetiological study. We included 64 patients and 50 controls, with a median age of 26 months. The respiratory panel detected viral pathogens in 55 patients (88%), including 17 (31%) with co-infections. Rhinovirus\/enterovirus (n = 26) and human metapneumovirus (n = 22) were the most common pathogens, followed by adenovirus and parainfluenza (n = 10). There were no statistically significant differences in the total antibiotic consumption (83% of cases and 86% of controls) or antibiotics given for \u226572 h (58% vs. 66%). Antibiotics were prescribed in 41% of the cases and 72% of the controls at discharge (p = 0.001). Ampicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic among the patients (44% vs. 18% for controls, p = 0.004), while azithromycin was the most commonly prescribed among the controls (19% vs. 48% for patients and controls, respectively; p = 0.001). Our findings underscore the need for additional interventions alongside molecular diagnosis to reduce antibiotic usage in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11020245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T05:55:59Z","timestamp":1707976559000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multiplex PCR and Antibiotic Use in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"del Rosal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Bote-Gasc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5888-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iker","family":"Falces-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-0945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal\u00eda","family":"Sainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero-Artigao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Molino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Bravo-Queipo-de-Llano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.11.002","article-title":"Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the United States: Changing Epidemiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges, and Areas for Future Research","volume":"32","author":"Katz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. 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