{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:46:33Z","timestamp":1760143593715,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controlling preoperative anxiety is necessary in pediatric patients to avoid adverse effects such as emergence delirium, behavioral problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety prior to future procedures, and increased analgesic doses in the recovery room. Some patients, especially ones with behavioral issues, have a difficult time arriving at the hospital. Medications given at home can be helpful. We describe a case series of six patients who received pre-admission oral clonidine prior to arrival to the hospital. The patients were all able to enter the hospital without difficulty and the families reported less anxiety and more cooperation subjectively compared with previous experiences. Transient intraoperative hypotension was a side effect of oral clonidine, with no long-term sequelae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11030264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T04:04:14Z","timestamp":1708401854000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre-Admission Oral Clonidine to Reduce Severe Pre-Operative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients with Behavioral Disorders: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Verdecchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shante","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cladis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13763","article-title":"Comparison of different sedatives in children before general anesthesia for selective surgery: A network meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14279","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety in preschool children: A randomized clinical trial comparing midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine","volume":"31","author":"Bromfalk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"307","article-title":"Clonidine versus midazolam premedication and postoperative negative behavioral changes in younger children: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"135","author":"Zickerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000724","article-title":"Clonidine in pediatric anesthesia: The new panacea or a drug still looking for an indication?","volume":"32","author":"Afshari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12695","article-title":"Incidence of bradycardia at arrival to the operating room after oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in children","volume":"25","author":"Larsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pedatric Anesth."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02065.x","article-title":"Cardiac arrest in a child with cerebral palsy undergoing sevoflurane induction of anethesia after preoperative clonidine","volume":"17","author":"Goldfinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316026","article-title":"Clonidine exposures in children under 6 (2004\u20132017): A retrospective study","volume":"104","author":"Cairns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161223","article-title":"Toxicity from a clonidine suspension","volume":"5","author":"Farooqi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199311000-00009","article-title":"Efficacy of oral clonidine premedication in children","volume":"79","author":"Mikawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/3\/264\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:02:32Z","timestamp":1760104952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/3\/264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["children11030264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11030264","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-9067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]}}}