{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:24:47Z","timestamp":1783545887161,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections (MDRIs) constitute a major global threat due to increased patient morbidity\/mortality and hospital stay\/healthcare costs. A few studies from KSA, including our locality, addressed antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients. This study was performed to recognize the incidence and clinical\/microbiologic features of MDRIs in hospitalized pediatric patients. A retrospective cross-sectional study included pediatric patients &lt; 18 years, admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital, between October 2021 and November 2022, with confirmed positive cultures of bacteria isolated from blood\/body fluids. Patients\u2019 medical files provided the required data. MDR organisms (MDROs) were identified in 12.8% of the total cultures. The incidence of MDRIs was relatively high, as it was detected in 42% of patients and in 54.3% of positive bacterial cultures especially among critically ill patients admitted to the NICU and PICU. Pneumonia\/ventilator-associated pneumonia was the main type of infection in 37.8% of patients with MDROs. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common significantly isolated MDRO in 39.5% of MDR cultures. Interestingly, a low weight for (no need for their as terminology weight for age is standard and well-known) was the only significant risk factor associated with MDROs (p = 0.02). Mortality was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in patients with MDROs (32.4%) than in patients without MDROs (3.9%). Patients who died including 85.7% of patients with MDROs had significantly longer durations of admission, more cultures, and utilized a larger number of antibiotics than the surviving patients (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). This study provided a comprehensive update on the seriously alarming problem of MDROs, and its impacts on pediatric patients. The detected findings are crucial and are a helpful guide to decid for implementing effective strategies to mitigate MDROs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11040444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T10:11:55Z","timestamp":1712571115000},"page":"444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fajr A.","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moustafa A.","family":"Hegazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Mansoura, Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Alsaedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hussain","family":"Alganmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawahir A.","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 80215, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80216, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eilaf Majdi","family":"Metwalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80215, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Hamadallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan S.","family":"Siam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alaqla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alsharabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan Ahmed","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80205, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12951","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy as personalized medicine\u2014General considerations and complicating factors","volume":"127","author":"Moser","year":"2019","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020040295","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-040295","article-title":"Committee on Infectious Diseases; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. 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