{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:17:42Z","timestamp":1790698662990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complete transposition of the great arteries (C-TGA) is a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by the reversal of the main arteries. Early detection and precise management are crucial for optimal outcomes. This review emphasizes the integral role of multimodal imaging, including fetal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and long-term follow-up of C-TGA. Fetal echocardiography plays a pivotal role in prenatal detection, enabling early intervention strategies. Despite technological advances, the detection rate varies, highlighting the need for improved screening protocols. TTE remains the cornerstone for initial diagnosis, surgical preparation, and postoperative evaluation, providing essential information on cardiac anatomy, ventricular function, and the presence of associated defects. CMR and CCT offer additional value in C-TGA assessment. CMR, free from ionizing radiation, provides detailed anatomical and functional insights from fetal life into adulthood, becoming increasingly important in evaluating complex cardiac structures and post-surgical outcomes. CCT, with its high-resolution imaging, is indispensable in delineating coronary anatomy and vascular structures, particularly when CMR is contraindicated or inconclusive. This review advocates for a comprehensive imaging approach, integrating TTE, CMR, and CCT to enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide therapeutic interventions, and monitor postoperative conditions in C-TGA patients. Such a multimodal strategy is vital for advancing patient care and improving long-term prognoses in this complex congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11060626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T11:37:13Z","timestamp":1716464233000},"page":"626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries in the Pediatric Field: A Multimodality Imaging Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Moscatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St. Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 5NP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Avesani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzia","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, AO Dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"Sabatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Pergola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8613-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Montanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy\u2019s and St. Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 5NP, UK"},{"name":"CMR Unit, Cardiology Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St. Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 5NP, UK"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Contini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Brotzu Hospital, 09134 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Gaudieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, AO Dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8291-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Ielapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1886-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Cardio Lab, Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02083294","article-title":"Prevalence, Treatment, and Outcome of Heart Disease in Live-Born Children: A Prospective Analysis of 91,823 Live-Born Children","volume":"10","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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