{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:36:10Z","timestamp":1788669370124,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objective: The association between air pollution and poor respiratory health outcomes is well established. Children are particularly at risk from air pollution, especially during the prenatal period as their organs and systems are still undergoing crucial development. This study investigated maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and infant lung function at 4 weeks of age. Methods: Data from the Barwon Infant Study were available for 314 infants. The exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 were estimated. Infant lung function (4 weeks) was measured by multiple-breath washout. Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) (36 weeks prenatal), cord blood, and OS biomarkers were measured in maternal urine (28 weeks). A genetic pathway score for OS (gPFSox) was calculated. Linear regression was used and potential modification by the OS genotype was tested. Results: There was no relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution and infant lung function, or with GlycA or OS during pregnancy. We found an association in children with a genetic propensity to OS between NO2 and a lower functional residual capacity (FRC) (\u03b2 = \u22125.3 mls, 95% CI (\u22129.3, \u22121.3), p = 0.01) and lung clearance index (LCI) score (\u03b2 = 0.46 turnovers, (95% CI 0.10, 0.82), p = 0.01). Conclusion: High prenatal exposure to ambient NO2 is associated with a lower FRC and a higher LCI score in infants with a genetic propensity to oxidative stress. There was no relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution with maternal and cord blood inflammation or OS biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11080937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T12:38:20Z","timestamp":1722515900000},"page":"937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of Maternal Air Pollution Exposure and Infant Lung Function Is Modified by Genetic Propensity to Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwan","family":"Vilcins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Ray","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke D.","family":"Knibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Burgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara L.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1282-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toby","family":"Mansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Sly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105974","article-title":"Long-term exposure to PM and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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