{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:45:19Z","timestamp":1790214319869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/05583\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05583\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Centre in Digital Services (CISeD)","award":["UIDB\/05583\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05583\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyberbullying is a growing problem in the Italian educational sector, with a prevalence of 17%. This study analyzes its impact on the psychosocial well-being and academic performance of Italian adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 502 students from six schools in different Italian regions, using the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) to assess cyberbullying, in addition to collecting data on satisfaction, friends, and academic performance. Chi-square and ANOVA analyses were conducted to identify significant associations between the variables. Results: The analyses showed significant associations between cyberbullying and gender and in psychosocial well-being, with significant differences in personal satisfaction and body satisfaction. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in academic performance or in the ability to make new friends, although victims showed a significantly lower ability to make new friends compared to those who were neither victims nor aggressors. Conclusions: Cyberbullying has a significant impact on students\u2019 psychosocial well-being, especially on personal satisfaction and school happiness, making it essential to implement interventions that promote safe school environments to mitigate these negative effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11080943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T18:21:40Z","timestamp":1722882100000},"page":"943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Cyberbullying on Academic Performance and Psychosocial Well-Being of Italian Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Rome Business School, 00196 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5171-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-8937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Digital Sevices (CISeD), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Digital Sevices (CISeD), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Caliciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3302-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Computer Science, University of Pontifical of Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Petrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Rome Business School, 00196 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-0203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Obreg\u00f3n-Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specific Didactics, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3089-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Bullying, Cyberbullying and Mental Health: The Role of Student Connectedness as a School Protective Factor","volume":"31","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosoc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.111103","article-title":"Geographical variations in the prevalence of traditional and cyberbullying and its additive role in psychological and somatic health complaints among adolescents in 38 European countries","volume":"164","author":"Hasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231171185","article-title":"Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Increase or Decrease the Global Cyberbullying Behaviors? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113730","article-title":"Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior","volume":"297","author":"Eyuboglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12720","article-title":"Cyberbullying among Turkish high school students","volume":"62","author":"Cagirkan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11196-020-09697-7","article-title":"Cyberbullying in Nigeria: Examining the Adequacy of Legal Responses","volume":"34","author":"Adediran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Semiot. Law"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114198","article-title":"Cyberbullying victimization and depression among adolescents: A meta-analysis","volume":"305","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Niken, T.P., Suryanto, S., and Miqdah, M. (2021, January 6\u20137). Cyberbullying Among Urban Teens. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Humanity and Public Health (ICOSHIP 2021), Online. Available online: https:\/\/www.atlantis-press.com\/proceedings\/icoship-21\/125970548."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"2","article-title":"Estrategias de afrontamiento del ciberbullying en estudiantes de secundaria p\u00fablica y privada","volume":"13","author":"Aguilar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Di\u00e1logos Sobre Educ. Temas Actuales Investig. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.osnem.2023.100250","article-title":"Session-based Cyberbullying Detection in Social Media: A Survey","volume":"36","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Online Soc. Netw. Media"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabramani, V., Idris, I.B., Ismail, H., Nadarajaw, T., Zakaria, E., and Kamaluddin, M.R. (2021). Bullying and Its Associated Individual, Peer, Family and School Factors: Evidence from Malaysian National Secondary School Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137208"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21793","article-title":"Sibling bullying at 12 years and high-risk behavior in early adulthood: A prospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Dantchev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12513","article-title":"Risk and protective factors at school: Reducing bullies and promoting positive bystanders\u2019 behaviors in adolescence","volume":"60","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari, L., Caravita, S., Ranieri, S., Canzi, E., and Rosnati, R. (2022). Bullying victimization among internationally adopted adolescents: Psychosocial adjustment and moderating factors. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262726"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5958","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211067026","article-title":"Development of Bullying and Victimization: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors in a High-Risk Sample","volume":"37","author":"Ostrov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-020-09780-2","article-title":"School Bullying, Mental Health, and Wellbeing in Adolescents: Mediating Impact of Positive Psychological Orientations","volume":"14","author":"Arslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bermejo, R.C., Hern\u00e1ndez, A.N., and S\u00e1nchez, L.G. (2022). Study of the Relationship of Bullying with the Levels of Eudaemonic Psychological Well-Being in Victims and Aggressors. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14095609"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13877","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS1.8502","article-title":"View of Psychosocial competence among adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-019-00035-5","article-title":"High School Bullying and Mental Disorder: An Examination of the Association with Flourishing and Emotional Regulation","volume":"2","author":"Romano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Bullying Prev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saladino, V., Eleuteri, S., Verrastro, V., and Petruccelli, F. (2020). Perception of Cyberbullying in Adolescence: A Brief Evaluation Among Italian Students. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.607225"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plexousakis, S.S., Kourkoutas, E., Giovazolias, T., Chatira, K., and Nikolopoulos, D. (2019). School bullying and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: The role of parental bonding. Front. Public Health, 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00075"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19294","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-05760-9","article-title":"Cyberbullying victimization and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among college students: Mediating role of negative coping and moderating role of perceived control","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418570","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1418570","article-title":"The mediating role of shame in the relationship between childhood bullying victimization and adult psychosocial adjustment","volume":"9","author":"Aakvaag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marengo, N., Borraccino, A., Caputo, M., Dalmasso, P., and Lemma, P. (2020). Cyberbullying and Electronic Media Communication problematic use in Piedmont. Data from HBSC study. Eur. J. Public Health, 30.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa166.912"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.08.010","article-title":"Cyberbullying and problematic social media use: An insight into the positive role of social support in adolescents\u2014Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Italy","volume":"199","author":"Marengo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorrentino, A., Esposito, A., Acunzo, D., Santamato, M., and Aquino, A. (2023). Onset risk factors for youth involvement in cyberbullying and cybervictimization: A longitudinal study. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1090047"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borraccino, A., Marengo, N., Dalmasso, P., Marino, C., Ciardullo, S., Nardone, P., and Lemma, P. (2022). Problematic Social Media Use and Cyber Aggression in Italian Adolescents: The Remarkable Role of Social Support. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159763"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cricenti, C., Pizzo, A., Quaglieri, A., Mari, E., Cordellieri, P., Bonucchi, C., Torretta, P., Giannini, A.M., and Lausi, G. (2022). Did They Deserve It? Adolescents\u2019 Perception of Online Harassment in a Real-Case Scenario. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192417040"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517725737","article-title":"Cyberbullying Victimization as a Predictor of Cyberbullying Perpetration, Body Image Dissatisfaction, Healthy Eating and Dieting Behaviors, and Life Satisfaction","volume":"36","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Interpers Violence"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-020-00301-5","article-title":"The role of body image concerns in online sexual victimization among female adolescents: The mediating effect of risky online behaviors","volume":"14","author":"Longobardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Trauma."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105720","article-title":"Bullying victimization and muscle dysmorphic disorder in Italian adolescents: The mediating role of attachment to peers","volume":"120","author":"Fabris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prince, T., Mulgrew, K., Driver, C., Mills, L., Loza, J., and Hermens, D. (2024, June 08). The Impact of Appearance-Related Cyberbullying on the Desire to Alter Physical Appearance among Adolescent Females. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-4434309\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4434309\/v1"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2021.1913598","article-title":"The Impact of Bullying Victimization in Early Adolescence on Subsequent Psychosocial and Academic Outcomes across the Adolescent Period: A Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"Halliday","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sch. Violence"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/03055698.2020.1749032","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between school bullying and academic performance: The mediating role of students\u2019 sense of belonging at school","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"43","article-title":"Bullying y rendimiento acad\u00e9mico entre escolares","volume":"118","author":"Vandana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Int. Matem\u00e1ticas Puras Apl."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"224","article-title":"A systematic literature review of factors that moderate bystanders\u2019 actions in cyberbullying","volume":"12","author":"Bonel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology J. Psychosoc. Res. Cyberspace"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/jgc.2019.10","article-title":"School bullying, school mindfulness and school academic performance: A structural equation modelling study","volume":"30","author":"Tekel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Couns. Sch."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.26714\/jkj.8.3.2020.247-254","article-title":"Academic Self-Concept on Bully Victims in Early Adolescent","volume":"8","author":"Afriliani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Keperawatan Jiwa"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"198","article-title":"Cyberbullies, the cyberbullied, and problematic internet use: Some reasonable similarities","volume":"33","author":"Foody","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"155","article-title":"Cybervictimization, Offline Victimization, and Cyberbullying: The Mediating Role of the Problematic Use of Social Networking Sites in Boys and Girls","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosoc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01992","article-title":"Cyberbullying and emotional distress in adolescents: The importance of family, peers and school","volume":"5","author":"Ham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2018.06.008","article-title":"Protective factors against bullying and cyberbullying: A systematic review of meta-analyses","volume":"45","author":"Zych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obregon-Cuesta, A.I., M\u00ednguez-M\u00ednguez, L.A., Le\u00f3n-Del-Barco, B., Mendo-L\u00e1zaro, S., Fern\u00e1ndez-Solana, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Bernal, J.J., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Santos, J. (2022). Bullying in Adolescents: Differences between Gender and School Year and Relationship with Academic Performance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159301"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2016.383","article-title":"Datos no normales: \u00bfes el ANOVA una opci\u00f3n v\u00e1lida?","volume":"29","author":"Blanca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.104385","article-title":"The indirect effect of bullying on adolescent self-rated health through mental health: A gender specific pattern","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"631","article-title":"School bullying and learning in high school students","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Manag. IT Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104946","article-title":"Bullying victimization, school belonging, academic engagement and achievement in adolescents in rural China: A serial mediation model","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.17151\/eleu.2022.24.1.4","article-title":"Estudios aplicados de la teor\u00eda de la autodeterminaci\u00f3n en estudiantes y profesores, y sus implicaciones en la motivaci\u00f3n, el bienestar psicosocial y subjetivo","volume":"24","author":"En","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eleuthera"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1197-y","article-title":"Consequences of Childhood Bullying on Mental Health and Relationships for Young Adults","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/8\/943\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:30:02Z","timestamp":1760110202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/8\/943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["children11080943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11080943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]}}}