{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:20:05Z","timestamp":1791832805924,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has become a promising treatment option in pediatric surgery, offering a novel approach to tissue repair and regeneration. Obtained from the patient\u2019s own blood or umbilical cord blood (CB), PRP is a concentrated form of plasma enriched with platelets, growth factors, and cytokines essential for stimulating tissue healing. This systematic review explores the applications of PRP therapy in pediatric surgical procedures, focusing on its role in promoting wound healing, reducing postoperative complications, and enhancing patient outcomes. A systematic literature overview was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, encompassing studies published between 2004 and 2024. The research has identified different fields of application for PRP therapy in pediatric surgery, including treatment of pilonidal sinus and hypospadias repair. Key findings from clinical studies and randomized controlled trials are summarized, highlighting the efficacy of PRP therapy in accelerating wound healing, reducing pain, and improving patient recovery. Despite promising results, challenges and controversies surrounding PRP therapy persist, including variability in preparation protocols and optimal dosing regimens. The safety of PRP therapy in pediatric patients is also discussed, emphasizing its autologous nature and minimal risk of adverse reactions. In summary, this review highlights the role of PRP therapy as a safe and effective therapeutic approach in pediatric surgery, while further research to standardize protocols and elucidate optimal treatment strategies are still necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11080971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T05:23:27Z","timestamp":1723613007000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Platelet-Rich Plasma in Pediatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0392-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Di Mitri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Collautti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Di Carmine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Libri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Gargano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-440X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Everts, P., Onishi, K., Jayaram, P., Lana, J.F., and Mautner, K. (2020). Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202010.0069.v1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.11.009","article-title":"Classification of platelet concentrates: From pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF)","volume":"27","author":"Rasmusson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.25270\/wnds\/2021.219221","article-title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma: Optimal Use in Surgical Wounds","volume":"33","author":"Bolton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wounds Compend. Clin. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01919-9","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002357","article-title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma: Cure-All at What Cost?","volume":"47","author":"Cartron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.05.002","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma gel and regular dressing on wound healing time in pilonidal sinus surgery: Role of different affecting factors","volume":"42","author":"Mohamadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boztug, C.Y., Karaagac Akyol, T., Benlice, C., Koc, M.A., Doganay Erdogan, B., Ozcebe, O.I., Kuzu, M.A., and Akyol, C. (2021). Platelet-rich plasma treatment improves postoperative recovery in patients with pilonidal sinus disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Surg., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-021-01370-5"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13652","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13652","article-title":"The effect of plasma rich platelet graft on post-operative complications in mid-penile hypospadias","volume":"52","author":"Eryilmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.09.026","article-title":"Preliminary experience with the use of an autologous platelet-rich fibrin membrane for urethroplasty coverage in distal hypospadias surgery","volume":"10","author":"Guinot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"475","article-title":"Autologous platelet-rich plasma covering urethroplasty versus dartos flap in distal hypospadias repair: A prospective randomized study","volume":"26","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol. Off. J. Jpn. Urol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effectiveness of Polyglycolic Acid Sheet Covering and Platelet-Rich Plasma after Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Spontaneous Pneumothorax","volume":"65","author":"Kimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4242-x","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Pleurodesis Using Platelet-Rich Plasma and Fibrin Glue in Management of Postoperative Chylothorax after Esophagectomy","volume":"42","author":"Alamdari","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rjae350","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjae350","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma therapy for postoperative esophageal fistula in a pediatric patient","volume":"2024","author":"Chiastra","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181fc7edf","article-title":"Injection of platelet-rich plasma in patients with primary and secondary knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study","volume":"89","author":"Sampson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"CD010951","article-title":"Autologous blood and platelet-rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain","volume":"9","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaminski, R., Kulinski, K., Kozar-Kaminska, K., Wielgus, M., Langner, M., Wasko, M.K., Kowalczewski, J., and Pomianowski, S. (2018). A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Meniscal Healing, Clinical Outcomes, and Safety in Patients Undergoing Meniscal Repair of Unstable, Complete Vertical Meniscal Tears (Bucket Handle) Augmented with Platelet-Rich Plasma. BioMed Res. Int., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9315815"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazzaretti Fernandes, T., Taraballi, F., Shao, Z., Roessler, P.P., and Cardona-Ram\u00edrez, S. Nonoperative and Operative Soft Tissue, Cartilage, and Bony Regeneration and Orthopaedic Biologics of the Elbow and Upper Extremity: An Orthoregeneration Network (ON) Foundation Review Authors. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg., 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.04.022"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231182438","article-title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for the Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis","volume":"51","author":"Paget","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.25270\/wmp.2020.12.2933","article-title":"Treatment of a Chronic, Nonhealing Neuropathic Ulcer in a Pediatric Patient with Spinal Dysraphism: A Case Report","volume":"66","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wound Manag. Prev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barwijuk, M., Pankiewicz, K., Ga\u0142a\u015b, A., Nowakowski, F., Gumu\u0142a, P., Jakimiuk, A.J., and Issat, T. (2024). The Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma Application during Cesarean Section on Wound Healing and Postoperative Pain: A Single-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intervention Study. Med. Kaunas. Lith., 60.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040628"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Napit, I.B., Shrestha, D., Choudhury, S., Gkini, E., Ilozumba, O., Gill, P., Bishop, J., Neupane, K., Adhikari, A., and Sartori, J. (2024). A randomised Trial of Autologous Blood products, leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), to promote ulcer healing in LEprosy: The TABLE trial. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012088"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.01.056","article-title":"Clinical study on the role of platelet-rich plasma in human acellular dermal matrix with razor autologous skin graft repair of giant congenital pigmented nevus in children","volume":"90","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg. JPRAS"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.04.013","article-title":"The Application of Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Platelet Gel for Skin Ulcers Associated with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Pediatrics: A Randomized Trial","volume":"30","author":"Mohseni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232388","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.28.5.e232388.oar","article-title":"Does leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) cause long term acceleration in the rate of canine retraction? A split-mouth, two-arm parallel group, randomized control trial","volume":"28","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent. Press. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"cjad056","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad056","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of the platelet-rich plasma compared to the injectable platelet-rich fibrin on the rate of maxillary canine retraction: A three-arm randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Ammar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derwich, M., Mitus-Kenig, M., and Pawlowska, E. (2021). Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid, Corticosteroids and Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis\u2014A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147405"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"240","article-title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma\u2014A remedy present in every human being. History, functioning, and the benefits of therapy using it","volume":"52","author":"Prokurat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pol. Merkur. Lek. Organ. Pol. Tow. Lek."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_73_22","article-title":"Quality assessment of platelet concentrates prepared by platelet-rich plasma, buffy-coat, and apheresis methods in a tertiary care hospital in South India: A cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Toora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Transfus. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paganelli, A., Contu, L., Condorelli, A., Ficarelli, E., Motolese, A., Paganelli, R., and Motolese, A. (2023). Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Therapy in the Treatment of Genital Lichen Sclerosus: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216107"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2016.51.1.3","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: A healing virtuoso","volume":"51","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Res."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/8\/971\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:35:17Z","timestamp":1760110517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/8\/971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["children11080971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11080971","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]}}}