{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1788603231070,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Objectives: The impact of abnormal body mass index (BMI) on health is extensive, and various risk factors contribute to its effects. This study aimed to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and BMI categories, including underweight, overweight, obesity, severe obesity, and morbid obesity; (2) Methods: Three databases were searched: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Manual searches were conducted using Google Scholar and ResearchGate. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between ACEs and BMI. A random-effects model was used to combine the ORs and CIs across studies; (3) Results: This meta-analysis included 71 studies. The pooled ORs for the relationship between ACEs and obesity was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.24\u20131.63, Z = 4.96, p &lt; 0.001), indicating a significant association. ACEs showed a positive association with overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.27, Z = 3.24, p = 0.001). Specifically, ACEs \u2265 4 were strongly associated with obesity (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.27\u20133.36, Z = 2.90, p = 0.004). Sexual abuse was also found to be significantly associated with obesity (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29\u20131.65, Z = 5.98, p &lt; 0.001); (4) Conclusion: This study finds that individuals who have experienced ACEs are more likely to have a higher BMI in adulthood. Therefore, ACEs should be considered a factor associated with abnormal BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11081015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T09:13:48Z","timestamp":1724145228000},"page":"1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Abnormal Body Mass Index: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sohrab","family":"Amiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 17166, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nailah","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahemeen","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emirates Center for Happiness Research, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0897-2587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadirah","family":"Ghenimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6467-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Fahad","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moien AB","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","article-title":"Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"111","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.015","article-title":"Building a framework for global surveillance of the public health implications of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"39","author":"Anda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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