{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:05Z","timestamp":1760145725136,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research Fund","award":["TGA-2021-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGA-2021-370"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of the soluble form of triggering receptor-1 expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) in neonatal meningitis. Methods: Serum sTREM-1 levels were measured in all neonatal sepsis patients at the start of antibiotic therapy and the 48th hour of treatment. At the beginning of antibiotic therapy, CSF samples were collected for sTREM-1 measurements. Control CSF samples were also collected from the patients with meningitis at the 48th hour of treatment. Results: A total of 77 preterm (50) and term (27) patients with neonatal sepsis were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the CSF sTREM-1 levels of patients with and without meningitis. The CSF sTREM-1 levels of preterm infants with meningitis decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.038). Although the CSF\/serum sTREM-1 ratios tended to increase in babies with meningitis, no significant difference was found between the groups. CSF\/serum sTREM-1 ratios (mean \u00b1 SD) were 1.42 \u00b1 0.91 and 1.14 \u00b1 0.85 in preterm babies with and without meningitis and 1.15 \u00b1 0.97 and 0.97 \u00b1 0.55 in term babies with and without meningitis, respectively. Conclusions: Serum and CSF sTREM-1 levels increase in patients with neonatal sepsis. CSF s-TREM-1 levels decrease after treatment in preterm infants with meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11081026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T03:07:38Z","timestamp":1724296058000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of the Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum sTREM-1 Levels in Neonatal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salih \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bayram Ali","family":"Dorum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa 16110, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilg\u00fcn","family":"K\u00f6ksal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Kocael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferah","family":"Budak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Hac\u0131mustafao\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solmaz","family":"\u00c7elebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5334-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Ali","family":"K\u0131zmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cansu","family":"Sivrikaya Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevser","family":"\u00dcst\u00fcn Elmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Edwards, M.S., and Baker, C.J. (2023, August 31). Bacterial Meningitis in the Neonate: Clinical Features and Diagnosis. inUpToDate. Available online: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/bacterial-meningitis-in-the-neonate-clinical-features-and-diagnosis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01809","article-title":"Turkish neonatal society guideline on neonatal infections\u2014Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"53","author":"Satar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. Arch. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bundy, L.M., Rajnik, M., Noor, A., and Meningitis, N. (2023). StatPearls (Internet), StatPearls Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532264\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1786520","article-title":"Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in neonatal sepsis","volume":"35","author":"Doughty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0240-4","article-title":"Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1: A biomarker for bacterial meningitis","volume":"32","author":"Determann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-017-0505-z","article-title":"Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1): A potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infectious diseases","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-018-1149-4","article-title":"Soluble TREM-1 as a predictive factor of neonatal sepsis: A meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Bellos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517749131","article-title":"Diagnostic value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) for late-onset neonatal sepsis in infected preterm neonates","volume":"46","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1819-3","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of elevated serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 in infected neonates","volume":"36","author":"Sarafidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.11.004","article-title":"Circulating soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) as diagnostic and prognostic marker in neonatal sepsis","volume":"65","author":"Adly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300439","article-title":"Preterm newborns are provided with triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1","volume":"23","author":"Garofoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2798-3","article-title":"Pancreatic stone protein as a novel marker for neonatal sepsis","volume":"39","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.03.006","article-title":"Endocan and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as novel markers for neonatal sepsis","volume":"56","author":"Saldir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Xu, L., Yang, Z., Sun, B., Wang, Y., Li, G., Feng, C., Pan, T., Yu, T., and Feng, X. (2020). Significance of sTREM-1 in early prediction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates: A single-center, prospective, observational study. BMC Infect. Dis., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05196-z"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.31","article-title":"Soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) as a diagnostic marker of serious bacterial infection in febrile infants less than three months of age","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-180131","article-title":"Assessment of novel biomarkers: STREM-1, pentraxin-3 and pro-adrenomedullin in the early diagnosis of neonatal early onset sepsis","volume":"13","author":"Polat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neonatal Perinatal Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1650","article-title":"TREM-1 as a potential therapeutic target in neonatal sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Qian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y.-J., Shao, L.-H., Zhang, J., Fu, S.-J., Wang, G., Chen, F.-Z., Zheng, F., Ma, R.-P., Liu, H.-H., and Dong, X.-M. (2015). The combination of decoy receptor 3 and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 for the diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-015-0078-0"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0343-z","article-title":"Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 for distinguishing bacterial from aseptic meningitis in adults","volume":"26","author":"Bishara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/8\/1026\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:40:47Z","timestamp":1760110847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/11\/8\/1026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["children11081026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11081026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-9067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]}}}