{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:21:49Z","timestamp":1783624909972,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Secondary problems in BPBI occur due to decreased muscle strength in the upper extremities. Comprehensive assessment methods are necessary to understand structural problems and to plan appropriate interventions in children with BPBI. We investigated the relationship between distal muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and functionality by comparing distal muscle strength on the affected and unaffected sides in patients with BPBI who underwent shoulder tendon transfer. Methods: A total of 25 children with BPBI, 13 (52%) girls and 12 (48%) boys, aged 4\u20137 years (mean age: 5.98 \u00b1 1.27 years), who had undergone shoulder tendon transfer surgery at least one year prior to the study were included. The muscle strength of the elbow, forearm, and wrist were assessed using the MicroFET\u00ae2 Digital Hand Dynamometer. The ROM of the elbow, forearm, and wrist were measured using the universal goniometer. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was used for functionality assessment. Results: The strength of the elbow flexor\u2013extensor, forearm pronator\u2013supinator, and wrist extensor muscles on the affected side was greater than on the unaffected side in all children (p &lt; 0.001). No correlation was found between muscle strength, ROM, and functionality in the affected extremity (p &gt; 0.005). Conclusions: Although children with BPBI have good shoulder function after shoulder tendon transfer, structural problems in the distal joints may affect their functionality during daily life. Distal joint strengthening and ROM exercises, as well as bimanual functional activities, should be included in the rehabilitation programs of children with BPBI after shoulder tendon transfer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11091125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T04:14:07Z","timestamp":1726460047000},"page":"1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Muscle Strength on Functionality after Shoulder Tendon Transfer in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Is There a Relationship between Them?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Ho\u015fbay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclsena","family":"Utku Umut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (English), Faculty of Health Sciences, Hali\u00e7 University, Istanbul 34060, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcberra","family":"Tanr\u0131verdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okyar","family":"Alta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atakan","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetics Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1168","article-title":"Obstetric lesions of the brachial plexus","volume":"24","author":"Pondaag","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.0124","article-title":"An Update on the Management of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy-Replacing Old Paradigms: A Review","volume":"172","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1692420","article-title":"The Pathogenesis of Glenohumeral Deformity and Contracture Formation in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy\u2014A Review","volume":"14","author":"Olofsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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