{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:06:02Z","timestamp":1788318362677,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Universal newborn hearing screening has been successfully implemented in many places around the world, and it is recommended that cases with risk factors for hearing loss be followed-up regardless of hearing screening results. However, there is a need for clarity regarding the recommended rate of follow-up and which tests should be performed. The aim of this study was to assess the audiologic follow-up program for the group with risk factors. Method: Our retrospective study involved children of various ages with a risk factor for hearing loss who passed the initial neonatal hearing test but were later diagnosed with hearing loss. Out of 113,708 children born at Hadassah University Medical Center during the years 2013\u20132021, 6763 were at risk of hearing loss, and their follow-up audiologic test results were studied. Results: Audiologic testing including ABR, OAE, tympanometry and behavioral audiometry was performed in 1534 of 6763 (23%) of the risk factor group that returned to the hospital. In total, 73 children (4.7%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, 54 of whom failed the initial screening and 19 who had passed it. Further examination of the children that passed the initial screening and were later diagnosed with a hearing loss revealed that four cases had been missed in screening (one familial mild hearing loss, one familial progressive loss, one premature infant with a high tone loss, and one NICU graduate with CNS involvement). Another nine cases had late-onset hearing loss (three meningitis, five CMV, and one with a mitochondrial disease). An additional six cases were diagnosed late, and the age of onset of the hearing loss was unknown (two intubated, two with hydrocephalus, one with Cerebral Palsy, and one with general developmental delay). Conclusions: These results reveal the importance of implementing a refined protocol for monitoring hearing in the high-risk group of children that pass neonatal hearing screening with respect to which hearing tests should be conducted, at what age, and the duration of follow-up. Also, barriers to follow-up must be dealt with, and parents should be more involved in the monitoring process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11111336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1730377892000},"page":"1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Follow-Up of Neonatal Hearing Screening in the Risk Factor Group for Hearing Loss: Results from a Tertiary Medical Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Geal Dor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech & Hearing Center, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Communication Disorders, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 91010, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menachem","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cahtia","family":"Adelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech & Hearing Center, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Communication Disorders, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 91010, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001976","article-title":"Language Outcomes Improved Through Early Hearing Detection and Earlier Cochlear Implantation","volume":"39","author":"Sedey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol. Off. Publ. Am. Otol. Soc. Am. Neurotol. Soc. Eur. Acad. Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2019). Year 2019 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs. J. Early Hear. Detect. Interv., 4, 1\u201344."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109900","article-title":"Adherence to follow-up recommendations for babies at risk for pediatric hearing loss","volume":"132","author":"McInerney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Public Health England (2024, July 01). 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