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DA049440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 DA049440"]}]},{"name":"University of New Mexico Clinical and Translational Sciences Center","award":["K23 DA053411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DA053411"]}]},{"name":"University of New Mexico Clinical and Translational Sciences Center","award":["K99 AA030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 AA030076"]}]},{"name":"University of New Mexico Clinical and Translational Sciences Center","award":["ULITR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ULITR001449"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Prescription opioid use before adulthood is typically effective for acute pain control and is also associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences. Methods: This study examined pediatric opioid prescribing trends over time across different age groups (early childhood, school age, adolescence, young adult) and sociodemographic subgroups (sex, ethnicity, race, language, payer type) from 2005 to 2016. Results: Utilizing 42,020 first outpatient opioid prescriptions for youth aged 0\u201321 years from a large US children\u2019s hospital, this research found notable trends and disparities. Prescription rates increased by 35% from 2005\u20132007 to 2008\u20132010, then decreased by 14% from 2008\u20132010 to 2011\u20132013, and decreased again by 22% from 2011\u20132013 to 2014\u20132016. Chi-squared tests indicated significant changes in prescription rates across all sociodemographic subgroups, though only age group, ethnicity, and payer type (i.e., the party responsible for payment for hospital services) had changes with non-negligible effect sizes (Cramer\u2019s V). Specifically, age group showed small to medium effects (V = 0.16), while ethnicity and payer demonstrated small effects (V = 0.10 each). This study highlights variations in opioid prescribing trends, particularly among different age groups, ethnicities, and payer statuses up to 2016. Conclusions: These findings reveal differing trends in pediatric opioid prescribing during the peak of the opioid epidemic, highlighting the importance of considering age and sociodemographic variables for understanding prescribing patterns fully and raising potential concerns about inequities in pain management. Future studies should explore similar trends from 2016 onward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11111356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T04:02:54Z","timestamp":1731038574000},"page":"1356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proportional Trends in Pediatric Opioid Prescribing Between 2005 and 2016 by Age Group, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, Language, and Payer Status from a Large Children\u2019s Hospital in the Southwest United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Pielech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Portis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-8566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khirsten J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Evan","family":"Rivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Vowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast and Belfast Centre for Pain Rehabilitation, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20184070","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-4070","article-title":"Associations Between Opioid Prescribing Patterns and Overdose Among Privately Insured Adolescents","volume":"144","author":"Groenewald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3382","article-title":"Prescription Opioid Exposures Among Children and Adolescents in the United States: 2000\u20132015","volume":"139","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gustafsson, M., Silva, V., Valeiro, C., Joaquim, J., van Hunsel, F., and Matos, C. 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