{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:27Z","timestamp":1787027847641,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["20240005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction (NBBD) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and acquired brain injury (ABI), a condition considered less frequent in those patients than in children with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to study the relationship between NBBD and disability grade in this population. Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of all patients (aged 3\u201318 years old) admitted during a three-month observation in our neurorehabilitation department. Data collected were as follows: demographic parameters; disability status (Wee-FIM Scale, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Communication Function Classification System); and gastrointestinal and urological symptoms (diaries, Bristol scale, Pad Test and International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire). Results: Sixty patients were enrolled (31 females, 29 males): 30 CP, 17 ABI, 3 SCI, and 10 others with neurological diseases. All presented urinary incontinence without gender differences. CP and ABI had major incidences of bowel dysfunction (50% and 64.7%, respectively) and SCI of urinary tract infections (66.6%) and enuresis (100%). A major incidence of symptoms was recorded in patients with higher GMFCS levels (level 3-4-5). Conclusions: NBBD has a high frequency in children with CP and ABI, as in SCI. More attention is needed from pediatricians and pediatric urologists for this clinical entity. Further studies are needed to better understand clinical relevance and, therefore, to establish specific management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11111382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T04:15:49Z","timestamp":1731557749000},"page":"1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Rehabilitation in Children with Acquired Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Chiminello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Deanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Barretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0745-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Paolella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Capitanucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Maria","family":"Zaccara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Sollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Remodeling Biotechnologies for Body Function PhD School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Lettori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7160-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gessica","family":"Della Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Adapted Physical Activity Day Hospital, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1685-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9626-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Mosiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosiello, G., Safder, S., Marshall, D., Rolle, U., and Benninga, M.A. (2021). 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