{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T18:37:53Z","timestamp":1767033473190,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome, often referred to as PFAPA syndrome, may enigmatically recur for an undetermined time in affected children: a potential reason to explain its recurring pattern for an unpredictable period or its self-limitation is currently unknown. We explored the relationship between different general, demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of PFAPA children and disease evolution over the course of a decade. Methods: We have retrospectively screened 150 Italian children with a history of PFAPA syndrome attending the Outpatients Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology in our Institution during the period 2014\u20132024, all without any recognized chronic diseases: 88 males, 62 females, mean age at onset of 2.5 \u00b1 1.7 years, age range of 0.3\u20139.4 years, and mean age at diagnosis of 4.5 \u00b1 2.0 years. The whole cohort of PFAPA patients had been followed up for a median period of 5 years (IQR: 4\u20137). Results and Conclusions: After dividing patients into two groups based on either the disappearance or persistence of PFAPA symptoms during follow-up, we found that positive family history of recurring fevers, cervical lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, myalgia, and breastfeeding for more than 6 months were associated with the disappearance of febrile attacks for at least six months. Performing a multivariate analysis adjusted for sex and age, we found that only breastfeeding duration longer than 6 months and higher education level of PFAPA patients\u2019 mothers were independently associated with the resolution of PFAPA symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11121559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1734928409000},"page":"1559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Potential Link Between Outcome of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Cervical Adenitis (PFAPA) Syndrome in Children and Breastfeeding: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Snapshot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Rigante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Periodic Fever Research Center, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Candelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Anesthesiologic and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12377","article-title":"When, how, and why do fevers hold children hostage?","volume":"13","author":"Rigante","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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