{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:39:36Z","timestamp":1767339576813,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Agency for Prevention of Addictions","award":["224\/BO\/HM\/DPiEP\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224\/BO\/HM\/DPiEP\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sleep disturbances are common among children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and are often accompanied by emotional and behavioral challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in children with FASD. Methods: The study included 90 children aged 7 to 16 years diagnosed with FASD, who were primarily in foster or adoptive care. Participants completed validated psychometric tools, including the Children\u2019s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Children\u2019s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2). Results: Sleep disturbances were significant, with 71.1% of participants scoring above the clinical threshold in CSHQ. State anxiety, measured by STAIC C-1, was positively correlated with specific sleep difficulties, such as bedtime resistance (r = 0.30, p = 0.008) and sleep anxiety (r = 0.31, p = 0.005). However, no correlation was found between trait anxiety (STAIC C-2) and sleep problems. Parent-reported depressive symptoms, measured using CDI 2:P, were strongly associated with general sleep disturbances (r = 0.27, p &lt; 0.011), parasomnias (r = 0.33, p = 0.002) and daytime sleepiness (r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that sleep disturbances in children with FASD are closely related to state anxiety and depressive symptoms. The results emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing sleep and emotional health in this population. Further research is needed to examine these relationships and their implications for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T02:50:56Z","timestamp":1735008656000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anxiety and Depression and Sleep Problems Among Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6886-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna Anna","family":"Dyl\u0105g","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, \u015awietej Anny 12, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Wieczorek-Stawi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Cicho\u0144-Chojnacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdynia FASD Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Morska 112b\/111, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Piaskowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdynia FASD Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Morska 112b\/111, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Jaroszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdynia FASD Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Morska 112b\/111, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Wasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdynia FASD Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Morska 112b\/111, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Jag\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Fr\u0105czek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Abram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Landri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3667-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Dumnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Miko\u0142aja Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1638-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lech","family":"Popio\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ignatianum University in Cracow, Institute of Psychology, Sleep Research Laboratory, Miko\u0142aja Kopernika 26, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1551941","article-title":"Sleep and Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"46","author":"Jenni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2023.101090","article-title":"Sleep and Circadian Disturbances in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"48","author":"Tamir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. 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